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新加坡开埠于1819年,但新加坡道教信仰的起源,很可能更早于开埠前的马来酋长管辖阶段,而且是肇始于安葬移民海上浮尸和树下死尸的移鬼形式,属于从坟地庙宇拓展出来的大伯公信仰。这项研究所得出的初步结论是,新加坡道教信仰的起源属于移民迁徙半途不幸死亡而成的移鬼形式,比一般学者认为的移民携带香火或神像分身渡海南下的移神形式更早,其祭祀初衷也更自然和纯朴。 相似文献
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西方心理学界对自恋已有大量的实证研究,文章在依托前人研究的基础上,对大学生自恋与心理适应性的关系进行实证研究,结果表明,(1)男女生在自恋方面无差异显著性,在心理适应性方面存在差异显著性。男生的心理适应性均分高于女生。(2)不同系不同专业的学生,自恋方面无差异显著性,心理适应性方面呈差异显著性。(3)自恋与心理适应性的4个因子的关系研究显示,自恋与心理自控力、自信心有关系。 相似文献
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在生命教育的社会背景下,以上海四所高校的一年级和三年级的812名在校本科生为研究对象,运用造句和模拟遗书等投射方式,并结合小组访谈等形式,旨在测查大学生对生命过程与死亡现象的认知特征,及对生命意义的价值取向,以此探究当代大学生的生命认知和生命价值取向的发展特点。结果发现:(1)当代大学生对生命的认知以表达态度为主,具有积极向上、珍爱生命的特点;而在对死亡的认知上,则主要采用本质认知的方式进行表述,以中性、概括、简洁为主要特点;(2)总体来看,女生比男生对生命过程和死亡现象的认知更为积极,体悟更深;(3)在生命价值取向方面,当大学生更多地表现出关顾他人的价值取向,并伴有强烈的家庭责任意识。 相似文献
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Intending to have a constructive dialogue with the combination of evolutionary theory (E) and metaphysical naturalism (N),
Alvin Plantinga’s “evolutionary argument against naturalism” (EAAN) takes the reliability of human cognition (in normal environments)
as a purported explanandum and E&N as a purported explanans. Then, he considers whether E&N can offer a good explanans for this explanandum, and his answer is negative (an answer employed by him to produce a defeater for N). But I
will argue that the whole EAAN goes wrong by assuming that R is a qualified explanandum crying out for scientific explanations,
since it cannot meet either of the two criteria for any scientifically qualified explanandum: Realizability Criterion and
Informativeness Criterion. Hence, EAAN is simply setting a task that E&N, as a scientific theory, will not care at all. Therefore,
EAAN cannot substantially shake E&N. 相似文献
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The catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred on May 12, 2008 in the West of the Sichuan basin in China and caused severe damage. A project was undertaken to examine the cognitive and psychological effects one year after the disaster among 2080 individuals in the local area. We evaluated the influence of gender, age, education level, and ethnic group on five aspects: work satisfaction, living satisfaction, health self-perception, psychological pressure, and psychological recovery. Male subjects had a better performance in all five aspects, which indicated that women were more affected. Subjects of different ethnic groups showed significantly different attitudes with respect to psychological pressure and psychological recovery. Significant differences for all the five aspects were also found in education level and age. The results showed that older people and those with a lower education level probably had more psychological problems. There were significant correlations between work satisfaction and living satisfaction, living satisfaction and health self-perception, living satisfaction and psychological recovery, and psychological pressure and psychosocial recovery. Living satisfaction and education level were significant predictors of psychological pressure. For psychological recovery, significant predictors were living satisfaction, age, work satisfaction, education level, and gender. The study findings indicated that government programs should provide more support for females, older people, those with a lower education level, and those in lower living conditions. Attention should be given not only to the psychological effects on each victim, but also to related issues such as work and living conditions to promote psychological wellbeing. Limitations of this study are addressed. 相似文献
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Much research on cognitive development focuses either on early-emerging domain-specific knowledge or domain-general learning mechanisms. However, little research examines how these sources of knowledge interact. Previous research suggests that young infants can make inferences from samples to populations (Xu & Garcia, 2008) and 11- to 12.5-month-old infants can integrate psychological and physical knowledge in probabilistic reasoning (Teglas, Girotto, Gonzalez, & Bonatti, 2007; Xu & Denison, 2009). Here, we ask whether infants can integrate a physical constraint of immobility into a statistical inference mechanism. Results from three experiments suggest that, first, infants were able to use domain-specific knowledge to override statistical information, reasoning that sometimes a physical constraint is more informative than probabilistic information. Second, we provide the first evidence that infants are capable of applying domain-specific knowledge in probabilistic reasoning by using a physical constraint to exclude one set of objects while computing probabilities over the remaining sets. 相似文献