决策中的框架效应再探

框架效应是指对相同决策任务不同方式的描述会影响决策者对备择选项的认知．大量研究已证实了框架效应的存在。本研究采用经典的“海难”问题,进一步探讨了决策任务中的框架效应。结果发现,在生命问题和财产问题中均没有发现框架效应的存在。在面对生命问题时,总体上人们倾向于冒险;在面对财产问题时,总体上倾向于保守。另外在面对生命问题时,女生比男生更倾向于冒险。     

高职学生心理健康问题研究

高职学生是中国高校学生中的一个特殊群体。职业化教育模式影响下的高职学生．面对的是学历教育与职业教育并举的教育,职业心理和学习心理折射出高职学生在职业定势、学习动机、成才抱负、人际关系、青春期回应等方面的诸多心理健康问题。本研究从问卷探源到本质归因,提出高职学生心理健康教育问题的具体应对策略和思考。     

中国大陆、香港和美国大学生主观幸福感比较

采用量表法对中国大陆、香港和美国三个地区的大学生被试的主观幸福感(SWB)进行了比较。差异检验表明,在总体SWB水平上,三个地区没有表现出显著差异,但在生活满意感、积极情感和消极情感维度上差异都显著。分层回归的结果发现,经济状况、社会关系和外在价值变量对三个地区大学生的生活满意感和积极情感都作出了增值贡献;外在准则变量对三个地区的消极情感作出了增值贡献。     

Individual Differences in Brain Structure and Resting Brain Function Underlie Representation-Connection in Scientific Problem Solving

Evidence from a range of fields shows that representation-connection (RC) is the key step towards the solution of a real-world insight problem. However, no study has focused on the inter-individual variability in RC, and little is known about whether structural and resting-state functional signals can account for inter-individual differences in RC. Combining structural (regional grey matter density, rGMD) and functional (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC)) analysis approaches was used to examine the neural substrates of RC. The results showed that the RC score was positively correlated with rGMD and fALFF values in the bilateral lingual gyrus (LG), which might be related to relevant visual imagery during the correct matching of a specific prototype with an unsolved technical problem and the retrieval and application of key information from prototypes. In addition, the RC score was negatively correlated with the rGMD in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and functional connectivity analysis revealed that a higher RC score was inversely correlated with the strength of the RSFC between the right LG and the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), which indicated that RC might be supported by decreased response inhibition and the automatic association of semantics.     

The neural basis of insight problem solving: an event-related potential study

The electrophysiological correlates of successful insight problem solving (Chinese logogriphs) were studied in 18 healthy subjects using high-density event-related potentials (ERPs). A new experimental paradigm (learning-testing model) was adopted in order to make subjects find a solution on their own initiative rather than receive an answer passively. Results showed that Successful guessed logogriphs elicited a more positive ERP deflection (P200-600) than did Unsuccessful guessed logogriphs in the time window from 200 to 600 ms after onset of the stimuli. Subsequently Successful logogriphs elicited a more negative ERP deflection than did Unsuccessful logogriphs in the time windows of 1500-2000 ms (N1500-2000) and 2000-2500 ms (N2000-2500). Maps of the P200-600 showed strong activity in the midline parieto-occipital scalp regions. Dipole analysis localized the generator of P200-600 in the left superior temporal gyrus and parietotemporo-occipital cortex areas. The N1500-2000 and N2000-2500 had a distinct activation over left frontal scalp regions. Dipole analysis localized the generator of the N1500-2000 in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the N2000-2500 in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). This result indicates that the parietotemporo-occipital cortex areas might be involved in forming rich associations in the early stage of successful logogriph solving. Then, the ACC might play an important role in the breaking mental set and the forming of novel associations. At last, "Aha" feeling might activate the PCC.     

青少年田径运动员的自我设阻倾向及其与运动绩效的关系

研究探讨了青少年田径运动员的自我设阻倾向与运动绩效的关系.研究表明:自我设阻影响着运动员的赛前焦虑情绪和运动绩效;情境性自我设阻在特质性自我设阻和运动员赛前焦虑、运动绩效之间发挥着中介作用.研究最后分析了自我设阻作用于青少年田径运动员运动绩效的可能心理机制,并提出了自我设阻在体育运动领域的可能研究方向.     

高职生职业心理与职业心理教育的关系研究

将心理健康教育课程等同或替代高职院校的职业心理教育,这是普遍存在的误区.职业化专门人才的培养,职业人的职业心理素质直接影响着职业化水平和职业教育质量.为了规范高职院校的职业心理教育,文章从学生和学校两个维度的职业心理要素调查切入,对如何推进和完善高职院校职业心理教育作了分析和研究.     

条件推理中无效推断被抑制的ERP研究

采用ERP技术探讨提供替代条件时,无效推断(AC、DA)被抑制的神经机制.实验结果表明:在200～800ms,AC和DA比基线任务的波形有一个更加负性的偏移,差异波和地形圈分析表明,在200-300ms,AC、DA在头皮前部的额、额中央、中央顶有明显的N250;在300～800ms,AC和DA在头皮后部中央叶、中央顶、顶叶诱发更加明显的晚负成分.从时间进程看,AC、DA推断过程表现为从头皮前部额叶皮层到头皮后部的顶叶皮层的动态变化,这一结果支持了演绎推理的三阶段模型理论.     

架起中国无神论者与世界世俗人文主义者之桥

2007年10月12日,在北京友谊宾馆,中国无神论学会专家一行5人,在"科学探索与人类福祉"国际研讨会前夕,拜会了国际探索中心主席、     

封面说明

在道教义理中非常重视度人与度己的思想。度人,一方面从精神和肉体上拯救教化世上之人,为之清心疗疾;超度荐拔死去的亡魂,树立接引众生的楷模形象;另一方面通过著书立说传播道教义理,运用智慧悟性为他人指点迷津。度己,即通过自身的修炼,广积善德以达与道合真,得道成仙。二者有