K Altn的另一族正规扩张

Bellissima证明KAltn的正规扩张都是典范的,并且给出了一族连续统多的无有穷模型性的逻辑,本文构造出了KAltn的另一族连续统多的正规扩张,并且证明它们与Bellissima给出的颇为不同,它们要小得多,并且都具有有穷模型性。     

The neural basis of insight problem solving: an event-related potential study

The electrophysiological correlates of successful insight problem solving (Chinese logogriphs) were studied in 18 healthy subjects using high-density event-related potentials (ERPs). A new experimental paradigm (learning-testing model) was adopted in order to make subjects find a solution on their own initiative rather than receive an answer passively. Results showed that Successful guessed logogriphs elicited a more positive ERP deflection (P200-600) than did Unsuccessful guessed logogriphs in the time window from 200 to 600 ms after onset of the stimuli. Subsequently Successful logogriphs elicited a more negative ERP deflection than did Unsuccessful logogriphs in the time windows of 1500-2000 ms (N1500-2000) and 2000-2500 ms (N2000-2500). Maps of the P200-600 showed strong activity in the midline parieto-occipital scalp regions. Dipole analysis localized the generator of P200-600 in the left superior temporal gyrus and parietotemporo-occipital cortex areas. The N1500-2000 and N2000-2500 had a distinct activation over left frontal scalp regions. Dipole analysis localized the generator of the N1500-2000 in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the N2000-2500 in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). This result indicates that the parietotemporo-occipital cortex areas might be involved in forming rich associations in the early stage of successful logogriph solving. Then, the ACC might play an important role in the breaking mental set and the forming of novel associations. At last, "Aha" feeling might activate the PCC.     

条件推理中无效推断被抑制的ERP研究

采用ERP技术探讨提供替代条件时,无效推断(AC、DA)被抑制的神经机制.实验结果表明:在200～800ms,AC和DA比基线任务的波形有一个更加负性的偏移,差异波和地形圈分析表明,在200-300ms,AC、DA在头皮前部的额、额中央、中央顶有明显的N250;在300～800ms,AC和DA在头皮后部中央叶、中央顶、顶叶诱发更加明显的晚负成分.从时间进程看,AC、DA推断过程表现为从头皮前部额叶皮层到头皮后部的顶叶皮层的动态变化,这一结果支持了演绎推理的三阶段模型理论.     

“科学与宗教”问题研讨会综述

最近,一些专家学者注意到,当前有种种迹象表明,基督教渗入我国社会、经济、文化、教育等领域,已经产生相当的影响。在海外某些组织出资支持的研究与出版物中,以扭曲历史事实而为基督教说好话、寻找理论根据居多。其显著特点之一是将科学与宗教拉上特殊关系,从学术上为基督教的扩张制造舆论,进而影响青年学子。搅乱视听。较为典型的观点是“宗教是科学之母”;“没有基督教就没有近代科学”;还有试图在神学与科学之间架起桥梁的,如“智能设计论”;更理论性一点的观点是认为“西方对神（真理）信仰与追求的土壤使得古希腊哲学中逻各斯（Logos）精神得以自由展现,从而形成了西方所特有的反思精神,成为中世纪西方科学发展的动力”等等,不一而足。现在我国正在高举科学发展观的旗帜,“科教兴国”成为基本国策之一,崇尚科学成为社会共识．广大民众对科学充满了信任。因此,现代西方某些基督教势力颠倒科学与宗教的正确关系,混淆是非,特别需要澄清。到底科学与宗教之间是什么关系,宗教在科学史上起到了什么作用,确实需要在事实上和理论上加以讨论。为此,中国无神论学会继2006年年会后再次召开了“科学与宗教”关系问题的小型研讨会。     

模仿心理机制研究的历史、现状与展望

近年来模仿机制研究在深化皮亚杰理论的基础上,深入探讨了模仿与心理理解之间的发生、发展关系及其相互作用机制,并结合脑神经科学研究的最新进展,探讨模仿背后的脑神经机制。在梳理当前心理学、脑神经科学中TT理论、ST理论以及镜像神经理论研究的基础上,给出了进一步深化研究的展望。     

高职生职业心理与职业心理教育的关系研究

将心理健康教育课程等同或替代高职院校的职业心理教育,这是普遍存在的误区.职业化专门人才的培养,职业人的职业心理素质直接影响着职业化水平和职业教育质量.为了规范高职院校的职业心理教育,文章从学生和学校两个维度的职业心理要素调查切入,对如何推进和完善高职院校职业心理教育作了分析和研究.     

Category-selective attention modulates unconscious processes in the middle occipital gyrus

Many studies have revealed the top-down modulation (spatial attention, attentional load, etc.) on unconscious processing. However, there is little research about how category-selective attention could modulate the unconscious processing. In the present study, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the results showed that category-selective attention modulated unconscious face/tool processing in the middle occipital gyrus (MOG). Interestingly, MOG effects were of opposed direction for face and tool processes. During unconscious face processing, activation in MOG decreased under the face-selective attention compared with tool-selective attention. This result was in line with the predictive coding theory. During unconscious tool processing, however, activation in MOG increased under the tool-selective attention compared with face-selective attention. The different effects might be ascribed to an interaction between top-down category-selective processes and bottom-up processes in the partial awareness level as proposed by Kouider, De Gardelle, Sackur, and Dupoux (2010). Specifically, we suppose an “excessive activation” hypothesis.     

A Multidimensional and Multilevel Extension of a Random-Effect Approach to Subjective Judgment in Rating Scales

In responding to rating scale items, respondents may hold different perspectives on the given categories. The random-effect rating scale model (RERSM), developed to account for variations in the category thresholds across respondents, is unidimensional and unilevel. It becomes statistically inefficient when multiple unidimensional tests have to be analyzed and inapplicable when data have a multilevel structure (e.g., respondents nested within organizations, students nested within schools). To resolve these problems, this study develops a multidimensional and multilevel version of the RERSM. The parameters can be estimated with existing computer software. Thus, there is no need to develop estimation procedures or corresponding computer programs. Simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the parameter recovery of the multidimensional RERSM, the multilevel RERSM, and the multidimensional and multilevel RERSM using WinBUGS. The results showed that the parameter recovery was generally satisfactory. An empirical example of the application of the multidimensional and multilevel RERSM to 2006 Program for International Student Assessment inventories about attitudes toward learning sciences is provided.     

加强无论神研究、宣传与教育工作座谈会发言摘要

2008年2月17日,中国社科院办公厅组织召开了“加强无神论研究、宣传与教育工作座谈会”。参加会议的有来自教育部思想政治工作司、高等学校社会科学发展研究中心、《高校理论战线》;中国社科院办公厅、马克思主义研究院、世界宗教研究所：国家宗教事务局;中国无神论学会;中央党校、中央民族大学、上海师范大学的专家学者共17人。会议就加强无神论、宣传与教育的迫切形势与重要意义进行热烈的交流与讨论,形成了急需建设无神论学科、加大无神论宣传与教育力度的共识;并就如何开展研究、教育和宣传无神论。从多种角度提出了宝贵的理论和实践方面的建议．同时也提出了很多需要进一步思考与研究的问题。以下就是各位专家的真知灼见．供大家分享。     

世界和传统宗教领袖大会第七次秘书处会议在哈萨克斯坦召开

10月26日上午,蒙古国总统那木巴尔·恩赫巴亚尔一行参访了北京白云观.