《道德经》和谐思想的四个进阶

和谐,是中国文化中的重要理念。古代的思想家们对这一理念多有发明,形成了源远流长的和谐思想,深深渗透进了中国人的观念与生活中。《道德经》对和谐的阐发别开生面,处处流露着     

Exploring a Source of Uneven Score Equity across the Test Score Range

Score equity assessment (SEA) refers to an examination of population invariance of equating across two or more subpopulations of test examinees. Previous SEA studies have shown that score equity may be present for examinees scoring at particular test score ranges but absent for examinees scoring at other score ranges. No studies to date have performed research for the purpose of understanding why score equity can be inconsistent across the score range of some tests. The purpose of this study is to explore a source of uneven subpopulation score equity across the score range of a test. It is hypothesized that the difficulty of anchor items displaying differential item functioning (DIF) is directly related to the score location at which issues of score inequity are observed. The simulation study supports the hypothesis that the difficulty of DIF items has a systematic impact on the uneven nature of conditional score equity.     

类比推理的发展理论评析

类比在认知科学领域具有特殊的地位,儿童类比推理能力的发展是其认知发展的重要成分之一。本文系统介绍了类比推理发展研究中的几个重要理论,即能力限制说、知识经验说和关系转换说等。在此基础上,作者进一步对类比推理发展研究中涉及的几个焦点问题,如类比推理出现的最早年龄,类比推理发展的影响因素及类比推理的发展趋势等进行了综合评析。     

Embodied Cultural Cognition: Situating the Study of Embodied Cognition in Socio‐Cultural Contexts

Embodiment research has demonstrated that cognition is grounded in bodily interactions with the environment and that abstract concepts are tied to the body’s sensory and motor systems. Building upon this embodiment perspective and advancing our understanding, we discuss the extension of embodied cultural cognition. We propose that some associations between bodily experiences and abstract concepts are not randomly formed; rather, the development of such associations is situated in a socio‐cultural context, informed by cultural imperatives, values, and habits. We draw evidence supporting this view of embodied cultural cognition in body–mind linkages manifested in construal of emotions, time perception, person perception, social power, and moral reasoning. To further extend this research avenue that synthesizes the studies of embodied cognition and culture, we also suggest potential future research directions inspired by this view. This embodied cultural cognition account is useful in understanding and organizing accumulating discoveries of cultural variations in embodiments; it also highlights the social situatedness of embodied cognition and is, therefore, highly compatible with theorizing and research in social and cultural psychology.     

Shavinina的智能测评观述评

近来Shavinina等人通过一系列研究,提出了一种新的智能结构观,认为智能主要包含两个部分：认知经验和智能表现。在此基础上,他们分析了未来智能测验应遵循的一系列原则,并进行了初步的测验编制尝试,提出了一些富有创意的测验方法,如“完美计算机”、“概念整合”以及“问题建构”等测验。Shavinina等人所提出的新智能观以及关于智能测验的新技术具有很强的启发性,代表了智能研究的又一新方向。     

齐文化与汉代经学的今古文之争

齐文化在汇入中国传统文化“多元一体”的文化体系之中后,以新的形式和形态继续向前发展。齐文化在中国传统文化全面整合之后的流变之一是与秦汉时期的经学合流,形成了齐派经学。本文就汉代经学的今、古文之争的历史背景、汉代经学的今、古文之争的概况以及齐文化对今古文之争的影响等方面试作论述。     

方言经验对早期沪语儿童汉语语音意识的影响

已有研究对汉语儿童的英语语音意识进行研究,且取得了很多有价值的研究成果,但对方言儿童的汉语语音意识的研究很少。汉语是一种具有众多方言的独特语言,许多方言和标准语的语言体系有着显著差异。具有方言和普通话早期经验的双语儿童在汉语语音意识上是否存在优势,有两种不同的看法：一是从心理语言学层面上,母语学习中获得的语言能力或普遍语法能促进第二语言的学习;二是从语言学层面上来讲,母语对第二语言的学习存在干扰作用。那么双语儿童在汉语语音意识上比单一普通话儿童是否存在优势呢？本研究将进行调查。实验选取72名4岁、5岁和6岁学前儿童为被试,每个年龄组各24人,其中沪语儿童和单一普通话儿童各12名。采用听觉呈现方法对所选被试进行汉语语音意识水平的测试,包括声调意识、声母意识和韵母意识三部分,并收集儿童的口语资料。结果表明: 虽然沪语儿童声母意识和韵母意识主效应不显著,但沪语儿童语音意识总成绩和声调意识成绩均比单一普通话儿童高;沪语儿童汉语语音意识优势不受年龄的影响。本研究启示是,上海地区学前儿童学习标准语（普通话）之外应鼓励使用沪语。     

模态逻辑典范框架的生成子框架

模态逻辑的典范性由“局部”典范性拼接而成。本文讨论了“局部”典范性问题,即一个模态逻辑的典范框架的什么样的生成子框架是该逻辑的框架。主要的结果是证明了一个逻辑的典范框架的有界宽的生成子框架都是该逻辑的框架,并且典范框架内嵌了所有该逻辑的有穷宽框架。     

齐《易》学刍议

在经学发展过程中,齐经学的地位至关重要,这主要表现为齐人对儒经的传授、齐经学成为汉代经学的主流等方面。而齐《易》学是齐经学的重要组成部分,本文将在齐《易》学的渊源、齐《易》学的传承以及齐《易》学的主要特点与影响等方面试作探讨。     

一次实现历史性突破的年会——记中国无神论学会2009年学术年会暨“无神论研究与新中国60年”学术研讨会

<正>2009年12月12～13日,中国无神论学会2009年学术年会暨"无神论研究与新中国60年"学术研讨会在上海师范大学举行。这次会议由中国无神论学会、上海社会科学院宗教所和上海师范大学哲学系三家联