寄托儿童人格特征初探

寄托儿童是我国在新时期出现的儿童群体。采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和学生团体主题统觉测验(G—TAT)对温州地区81名寄托儿童进行调查,结果表明,寄托儿童已经形成了独特的人格特征,有些方面还存在性别差异和城乡差别。最后尝试分析了寄托儿童独特人格特征的形成原因。     

刻板解释偏差测量

刻板解释偏差(Stereotypic Explanatory Bias,SEB)是测量内隐态度的一种指标,它反映了个体对某社会群体的刻板印象在信息加工过程中发生的作用。比较SEB与其他内隐态度测量方法后,发现SEB具有结合情境、自然反映内隐态度、预测性良好等特点。     

bootstrap法在合成分数信度区间估计中的应用

在介绍bootstrap法原理的基础上,本文以一个同质测量模式的模拟数据为例,对结构方程模型下使用bootstrap法对合成分数信度的区间估计的应用中进行了演示。     

毒扁豆碱对吗啡导致的大鼠行为敏感化的抑制作用

药物滥用导致的行为敏感化被认为与成瘾过程密切相关。本实验探讨吗啡导致的大鼠行为敏感化与神经递质乙酰胆碱的关系。实验动物分为3组,分别进行生理盐水、吗啡（10.0mg/kg）、吗啡（10.0mg/kg）＋胆碱酯酶抑制剂毒扁豆碱（0.2mg/kg）前处理,36小时腹腔注射4次。前处理结束1周所有动物注射小剂量吗啡（4.0mg/kg）;使用生理盐水前处理的动物,第2周注射毒扁豆碱（0.2mg/kg）;使用吗啡前处理的动物,第2周注射小剂量吗啡＋毒扁豆碱（0.2mg/kg）,第3周再次注射小剂量吗啡。动物每次接受注射后立即记录其在两小时内的活动量(10分钟为一个记录单元)。结果表明,毒扁豆碱既能够抑制吗啡诱导的行为敏感化,也能够阻断小剂量吗啡对行为敏感化的“点燃”作用。由此推论,吗啡导致的行为敏感化与其抑制乙酰胆碱分泌有关。     

Quantifying visual field shape for improving accuracy of search performance prediction

The current study calculated a set of 16 shape indices of six subjects (4 men and 2 women, 21-28 years old) for easy and precise quantification of visual lobe shapes using Visual Lobe Measurement System (VILOMS) software. The indices can be used in mathematical models of visual search for better understanding of search behaviour and higher accuracy of search performance prediction. General patterns in the shape indices showed that visual lobes of the subjects were slightly irregular, with low sphericity, a moderately rough boundary, horizontally elongated and slightly asymmetric along both axes. Given the complex relationships among visual lobe area, lobe shape, and search strategy, it seems that a more detailed analysis than hitherto attempted will be necessary. Quantifying lobe shape with the 16 shape indexes is a useful step to performing such analysis.     

Monologic and Dialogic Styles of Argumentation: A Bakhtinian Analysis of Academic Debates between Mainland China and Taiwan

This study applies the concept of reported speech advanced by the renowned Russian literary scholar Mikhail Bakhtin to compare the argumentative styles of Mainland China and Taiwan. These societies in question are considered by many scholars as sharing the same argumentative style. The study reports that the Mainland debaters more frequently than the Taiwanese debaters maintained the authenticity of the quotations cited from ancient Confucian sources, whereas Taiwanese debaters paraphrased more frequently. On the other hand, this difference cannot be found when debaters quoted from sources other than Ancient Confucians. The findings, according to Bakhtin, imply a contrast of monologic and dialogic tendencies toward authority, which results in a style difference between Mainland and Taiwan argumentation.     

苏辙与佛教

北宋文人苏辙,一生与佛教有着密切的关系。如果说他早年对待佛教的态度,更多是一种文化层面的欣赏的话,那么中年由于新旧党争,二度贬谪,佛教便越来越成为他精神上的支柱。晚年苏辙退居颖上,著书立说,三教调和的思想更加明显。所著《老子解》,宣扬“复性”论,融通儒、释、道。所有这些,在他的诗文中也都有所反映。他的佛教信仰,综合了文化、宗教、哲学、实践多个层面,而这一切,又和他一生的遭际、交游、个性是分不开的。     

Amae in Japan and the United States: an exploration of a "culturally unique" emotion

The experience of an emotion considered to be culturally unique (i.e., Japanese Amae) was tested in the United States, where there is no word to describe the concept. North American and Japanese participants read scenarios in which a friend made an inappropriate request (Amae), made no request, or made the request to another friend. Both American and Japanese participants felt more positive emotion and perceived the requester as feeling closer to them in the Amae condition than in the other two conditions. However, Americans felt more in control when asked for a favor than when not asked, a pattern that did not emerge among the Japanese. Cultural specificity of hypocognized emotions is discussed.     

Scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) form integrated memories of the multiple features of caching episodes

Four experiments examined whether food-storing scrub jays remember when and where they cached different foods. The scrub jays cached and recovered perishable and nonperishable foods in visuospatially distinct and trial-unique cache sites. They rapidly learned to avoid searching for foods that had perished by the time of recovery, while continuing to search for the same foods after shorter retention intervals when the foods were still fresh. The temporal control of searching at recovery was also observed when the familiarity of cache sites did not provide any information about the time of caching and when the same food was cached in distinct sites at different times. The authors argue that the jays formed an integrated memory for the location and time of caching of particular foods.     

Predicting the relative efficacy of three presentation methods for assessing preferences of persons with developmental disabilities

Choices were presented to 9 individuals with developmental disabilities using a two-choice format. Each pair of items, selected based on prior preference assessment, was presented to each participant in three conditions (actual items, pictures of the items, and spoken-name presentation) using a reversal design. The evaluation was conducted using food items, and was then repeated using nonfood items. The participants were also given a test to measure their skills on discrimination tasks ranging in difficulty from simple to conditional discriminations. The participants' abilities to make consistent choices with food and nonfood items were predicted, with 94% accuracy, by their discrimination skills. The findings suggest that presentation methods can affect the accuracy of a choice assessment, and that the systematic assessment of basic discrimination skills can be used to predict the effectiveness of different presentation methods in this population.