《哲学通论》与当代中国哲学

本文以《哲学通论》对哲学的追问为线索,阐述了当代中国哲学对哲学的重新理解,以及由此实现的哲学自身的思想解放和哲学的理论自觉。     

内侧颞叶系统在知觉启动中的作用及其机制

以ll例内侧颞叶(MTL)损伤病人为被试,探讨MTL与知觉启动的关系及其内在机制。被试依次完成学习颜色词、快速词命名和再认任务。在实验l的词命名中包括旧词、重组颜色词和新词,结果表明,MTL损伤病人没有表现出旧词的命名时间短于重组颜色词的现象,颜色启动效应受损,其再认成绩也低于正常被试。但是当用新颜色词代替重组颜色词后(实验2),MTL损伤病人读旧词的时间明显短于新颜色词,颜色启动与正常对照组之间没有明显差别,但他们的再认成绩仍比对照组低。这表明,当任务要求被试加工项目与其特性之间的关系时(词与颜色),MTL损伤对启动效应会有影响,提示MTL在一些形式的知觉启动中起重要作用。     

创伤后应激障碍的双重表征理论及其进展

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的双重表征理论认为创伤引起了可回忆的言语记忆和可回忆的情境记忆两类记忆。这两类记忆能够解释PTSD,比如再现创伤和情绪加工。创伤的情绪加工可能合出现成功完成、慢性加工和过早抑制加工三个结果。最后本文讨论了该理论在研究设计、临床实践和解释实验数据方面的应用。     

Functional analysis and treatment of bizarre vocalizations exhibited by an adult with schizophrenia: a replication and extension

A functional analysis suggested that the bizarre vocalizations exhibited by a woman with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were maintained by attention. A treatment consisting of awareness training, competing response training, differential reinforcement of the competing response, and attention extinction was effective in reducing bizarre vocalizations. The use of self‐management based treatment components with this population and target behavior is discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“非典”流行期大学生面对非典的压力源和压力研究

该研究旨在探索非典流行期大学生面对非典的压力源和压力状况,用“大学生非典压力状况调查表”和“大学生非典压力源调查表”测查了723名大学生。结果表明:(1)大学生的非典压力源来自3个方面,它们是非典疾病压力源、非典信息压力源和应对非典措施压力源。(2)非典流行期大学生对非典的恐慌程度、所感受到的非典压力强度以及非典压力对其造成的影响程度均处于中等水平。     

我国古代“天文泰斗”及伟大创举

我国是天文学发展最早的国家之一,作出了许多重大的创造性的贡献。几千年来积累了大量宝贵的天文资料,受到各国天文学家的关注。由于农业生产和制定历法的需要,我们的祖先很早开始观测天象,并用以定方位、定时间、定季节。在我国古代历史上涌现出众多的天文学家,他们的卓越成就彪炳史册。唐尧“羲和”:最早的历法官唐尧的传说中,羲和是掌管天文的家庭,有羲仲、羲叔、和仲、和叔四人,被尧派往东、南、西、北四方,去观测昏中星。《尚书·尧典》说“乃命羲和,钦若昊天,历象日月星辰,敬授人时”。山东古为东夷之域,莒县、诸城又处滨海之地,正是…     

爱因斯坦宗教观析评（一）

科学家与宗教的关系如何,一直是全社会尤其是宗教学界十分关注的问题,而20世纪最伟大的科学家之一——爱因斯坦对宗教的态度更是各方关注的焦点,成为各种论点持有者经常拿来论证自己看法的、认为是很有分量的重要论据。     

Sensitivity of passive approach during preference and reinforcer assessments for children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities and minimal movement

We evaluated the use of passive approach to assess preferences of two children, with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. Both children had physical challenges and exhibited minimal physical movement. We also compared the relative reinforcing effects of the identified high and low preference stimuli for a switch pressing response, and for a more passive looking response. High and low preference stimuli were identified for both children. Moreover, the high preference stimulus maintained higher rates of responding than the low preference stimulus for both children for the passive looking response, but not for switch pressing. The study extended the use of passive approach to assess preferences and identified the choice of target response as a potential limiting factor during reinforcer tests for these children. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.