面孔部件在群体注意方向判断中的作用

探讨面孔部件(眼睛和鼻子)在个体和群体注意方向判断中的作用。实验1使用不同数量面孔的图片,要求报告群体或个体的注意方向。结果发现,多面孔条件下对群体注意方向估计的准确性高于单面孔条件。实验2采用眼动技术,探讨眼睛和鼻子在判断其注意方向时注视的空间与时间分布特征。结果发现,基于单张面孔判断时,对鼻子的总注视时间长于眼睛;基于多张面孔判断时,对眼睛和鼻子的总注视时间没有差异。整个研究表明,知觉个体注意主要依赖鼻子,知觉群体注意依赖眼睛和鼻子。     

义符促进类别归纳推理的ERP证据

为了明确义符对归纳推理影响,本研究使用有义符和无义符汉字为材料,使用ERP技术考查义符对不同层级类别概念归纳推理的影响。行为结果显示,有义符条件下反应速度更快,肯定判断率更高。脑电指标上,P3阶段义符主效应显著,有义符条件下P3波幅更大;N1、N400和P600阶段义符与层级交互作用显著,组内简单效应分析显示,层级主效应仅在无义符条件下显著;组间简单效应分析显示,义符主效在N400和P600阶段仅在下-上推理条件下显著,无义符条件下,下-上推理引发更大的N400和P600波幅。这些结果表明,义符促进了归纳推理过程,这种促进主要表现在对下-上推理的促进。     

The Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Trait Anxiety Mediate on the Impact of Locus of Control on Subjective Well-Being

Sense of control plays an important role in the psychological well-being of an individual. This study aims to investigate the impact of locus of control on subjective well-being (SWB). Participants include 400 undergraduates (214 men and 186 women) from four universities in China. Data were collected using the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Trait Anxiety Scale, and SWB measures. Results suggested that locus of control, trait anxiety, and self-esteem were significantly correlated with SWB. Structural equation modeling results indicated that trait anxiety and self-esteem partially mediated the impact of locus of control on SWB. Moreover, bootstrap test revealed significant paths from locus of control to SWB through trait anxiety and self-esteem. Therefore, locus of control, trait anxiety, and self-esteem have significant impacts on SWB. Moreover, trait anxiety and self-esteem have a mediating effect on the impact of locus of control on subjective well-being.     

Direct and Indirect Effects of Self-efficacy on Depression: The Mediating Role of Dispositional Optimism

In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of self-efficacy on depression – specifically, to test and verify the mediating role of dispositional optimism between the two variables. Five hundred and thirty-five undergraduates from two universities were recruited and given a Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Revised Life Orientation Test, and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results indicated that there are indeed significant relationships among self-efficacy, dispositional optimism, and each identified dimension of depression; structural equation modeling showed that the relationship between self-efficacy and depression is partially mediated by dispositional optimism. To this effect, we concluded that to develop and improve students’ self-efficacy will reduce their levels of depression, which may have implications in college counseling.     

The diagnostic and therapeutic uses of family conflicts in a Chinese context: the case of anorexia nervosa

There are two untested cultural beliefs commonly held among family therapists in Hong Kong: (1) Chinese families are reserved in disclosing their conflicts to an 'outsider'; and (2) it would be culturally inappropriate to elicit family conflicts in treatment. In this article, an attempt is made to examine these cultural beliefs based on the results of a qualitative study of thirty-five Chinese patients suffering from anorexia nervosa. These patients and their families have participated in a pre-treatment family interview prior to the commencement of family treatment. The results of the study have shown that the afflicted Chinese families are very willing to disclose their difficulties to the researcher. The onset of the disorder has led to different types of family conflicts including: (1) overt family conflicts related to food refusal; (2) covert family conflicts; (3) increased sibling rivalry; (4) increased parent–child conflict; and (5) marital tension and distress. The clinical implications of this study are discussed at the end of the article.     

《论语》:一种可能的情感解读

在面对三代经礼文化日益衰颓的社会情势时,孔子开始向人之内在情感领域发掘道德实践的理据。这种发掘,一方面使他实现了对传统礼乐的改造,一方面则凿通了经由内在真实情感的抉发而走向儒家性情论伦理思想的义理道路。这种人本主义的情感关怀和情感诉求,渗透于孔子诠释道德要目与道德行为、论《诗》、论乐的诸多言论之中。因此,可以毫不夸张地说,《论语》是一部未言“情”字(“情感”义)而又处处关“情”的著作。     

对感觉记忆在相同范畴视觉搜索中作用的研究

该文以三种字母卡片为刺激物,通过两种靶字母搜索实验,探讨了感觉记忆在相同范畴视觉搜索中的作用。实验结果显示,感觉记忆和短时记忆信息都可能利用时的搜索成绩,明显高于限用短时记忆信息时的搜索成绩。这表明,感觉记忆信息可以直接用于相同范畴的视觉搜索。     

差异与互补:皮亚杰与维果茨基认知发展观比较的新思考

皮亚杰与维果茨基是10世纪两位最有影响的发展心理学家．他们开辟了研究儿童发展的两条线路。这两种取向存在着根本性的差异,同时在研究方法与具体观点中又存在着多方面的类似和交叉．两种取向互动互补．共同描绘了儿童发展的整体画卷。     

自我同一性危机与道德选择多元化

自我是一个复杂的概念 ,自我同一性则是依赖于我们经历过的所有不同的自己的综合 ,是对自身发展的一种强烈的一致性和连续性的主观感觉。自我同一性危机是指自我处于自身的矛盾与冲突中 ,反映了自我在过去和现在、彼地和此地的不连续。在现代社会 ,随着个体道德选择的可能性与主动性的增强 ,自我的完善与否对道德选择相应产生了积极与消极的作用。     

虚拟团队中的信任研究

信任是从组织行为学领域研究虚拟团队的一个重要课题。与传统组织中的信任相比,虚拟团队中的信任主要是认知或行为定向的;它在最初几次互动的基础上迅速建立起来,并通过随后的沟通行为维持下去,所以沟通行为和沟通内容的特征对虚拟团队中信任的建立和维持有着特殊重要的意义。由于目前研究方法所限,无法确定虚拟团队中信任与绩效的因果关系,但是它们之间存在着密切的相关关系。