Visual working memory enhances target discrimination accuracy with single-item displays

The maintenance of information in visual working memory has been shown to bias the concurrent processing in favor of matching visual input. The present study aimed to examine whether this bias can act at an early stage of processing to enhance target feature perception in single-item displays. Participants were sequentially presented with two distinct colored stimuli as memory samples and a retro-cue indicating which of the two samples should be maintained for subsequent memory test. During the retention interval, they had to discriminate the gap orientation of a Landolt target presented through a single visual stimulus that could match one or neither of the two samples. Across two experiments, we consistently found that discrimination performance was more accurate when the Landolt target was situated within a stimulus that matched the sample being retained in visual working memory, as compared with when the target was not. This effect cannot be attributed to the mechanism of passive priming, because we failed to observe priming effects when the stimulus containing the target matched the sample that was retro-cued to be irrelevant to the working memory task, as compared to when the stimulus matched neither sample. Given the fact that target stimuli were presented in single-item displays wherein external noise was precluded, the present findings demonstrate that the working memory bias of visual attention operating in the absence of stimulus competition facilitates early perceptual processing at the attended location via signal enhancement.

     

Evaluation of Life Quality and its Spatial Mismatch with Local Economic Development in Large Chinese Cities

Quality of life (QoL) is an important factor which influences local economic development (LED). The study aims to evaluate the quality of life in large Chinese cities and explore the relationship between life quality and local economic development. By constructing the index system of QoL of large cities, this study analyses the spatial pattern of QoL in 39 largest cities across China and then introduces the spatial mismatch method to analyse the relationship between QoL and LED. The results point to the significant differences in QoL among large Chinese cities and unlock the spatial mismatch between QoL and LED in these cities. The quality of life is generally better than local economic development in large cities across Western China and different cities display various spatial mismatch features. This study also shows that local economic development can promote quality of life, though they do not merely stand in a quantitative relation. Quality of life is related more to the economic structure. It is suggested that future urban development focus on high value-added and environmental-friendly industries, which can improve both local economic development and quality of life.

     

新时期抵御境外宗教渗透的几点思考

随着改革开放和经济建设的不断深入,特别是加入世界贸易组织以后,我国与世界各国经济、文化交往日渐频繁,宗教方面对外交往亦日益增加,境外敌对势力加紧了利用宗教对我国进行渗透的活动。因此,抵御境外势力利用宗教进行渗透活动,是宗教工作面临的一项十分重要的任务。一、“境外宗教渗透”的内涵境外宗教渗透是指境外团体、组织和个人利用宗教从事的各种违反我国宪法、法律、法规和政策的活动和宣传。主要有两方面的情况:一是境外敌对势力利用宗教作为渗透的工具,打着宗教旗号颠覆我国政权和社会主义制度,破坏国家统一和民族团结;二是企图控…     

论《管子》的富民思想

《管子》的富民思想是齐国强盛的主要思想根源。它以对人性的认识作为哲学基础,以对民众巨大力量的认识为现实考虑,在实践层面具体演化为行之有效的富民治国方略。《管子》的富民思想体现了“以人为本”的理念,这不仅对秦汉及后世统治者的治国思想有着重大影响,而且对于我们今天的社会经济发展有着重要的借鉴价值。     

科学划界与反伪科学——从创世论与进化论之争，看反伪科学的社会实践意义

不久前,关于"废伪"之争异常激烈。主张"废伪"的人往往把没有严格的标准将科学与非科学或伪科学区分开来作为其立论基础。本文通过回     

The impact of self-construal on aesthetic preference for angular versus rounded shapes

In this article, the authors examine the role of self-construal in aesthetic preference for angular versus rounded shapes. Previous research found an independent self-construal is associated with a confrontation approach to conflict resolution, whereas an interdependent self-construal is associated with compromise. Furthermore, the literature in empirical aesthetics suggests that angular shapes tend to generate confrontational associations, and rounded shapes tend to generate compromise associations. Accordingly, the authors propose individuals with independent self-construals should perceive angular shapes as more attractive, whereas individuals with interdependent self-construals should find rounded shapes more attractive. The authors argue this effect of self-construal should be more pronounced when people expect that their shape preferences will be evaluated by others because culturally consistent responses will be more accessible in this situation. These hypotheses were largely confirmed in a field study that classified logos from a variety of countries and two experiments in which self-construal was experimentally primed.     

On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables

The authors examine the practice of dichotomization of quantitative measures, wherein relationships among variables are examined after 1 or more variables have been converted to dichotomous variables by splitting the sample at some point on the scale(s) of measurement. A common form of dichotomization is the median split, where the independent variable is split at the median to form high and low groups, which are then compared with respect to their means on the dependent variable. The consequences of dichotomization for measurement and statistical analyses are illustrated and discussed. The use of dichotomization in practice is described, and justifications that are offered for such usage are examined. The authors present the case that dichotomization is rarely defensible and often will yield misleading results.     

时间川流中的"否定的辩证法"--阿多诺《否定的辩证法》的历史性注释

本文是阿多诺“否定的辩证法”思想的一个历史性注释,它证明：没有同一性的辩证法原本只是阿多诺本人一种不占主导地位的哲学话语,只是在具体的历史发展情境中,没有同一性的辩证法方才获得充分发展,成为否定的辩证法,并作为法兰克福学派的晚期哲学纲领而为人所知,没有同一性的辩证法与否定的辩证法是存在基本差别的。     

反人本主义:马克思主义最重要的基本原则--析阿尔都塞的主体哲学批判

本文对阿尔都塞在理论逻辑意义上拒斥人本主义和历史主义,以及把“主体”视为意识形态的建构并应以“过程”概念取代之等极易引发误解的观点进行深层解读,澄清了阿尔都塞关于反人本主义、反历史主义和反对一切主体哲学作为马克思主义哲学基本原则的内涵,并作出自己的批判性分析。