关于西田哲学中的“东洋文化”——以《善的研究》为中心

日本近代哲学家西田几多郎认为西方哲学是一种对象化的逻辑,然而实在并非独立于意识之外的认识对象,而是知情意合一的意识的统一状态,这种主客合一的直觉主义就是东洋文化的本质。西田在《善的研究》中提出了纯粹经验的概念,试图给贯穿于老庄思想、儒学以及大乘佛教根底里的东方式直觉体悟加以哲学化的阐释,并以此与以逻辑学为基础的西方文化相抗衡。同时西田从一即多这一关于实在的分化发展逻辑出发,将作为有形文化的西方哲学与作为无形文化的东方哲学理解为一个普遍逻辑的两种形态,二者的融合可以形成一个更大的世界性文化。     

Overestimation and contraction biases of depth information stored in working memory depend on spatial configuration

Depth perception is essential for effective interaction with the environment. Although the accuracy of depth perception has been studied extensively, it is unclear how accurate the depth information is stored in working memory. In this study, we investigated the accuracy and systematic biases of depth representation by a delayed estimation task. The memory array consisted of items presented at various stereoscopic depth positions, and the participants were instructed to estimate the depth position of one target item after a retention interval. We examined the effect of spatial configuration by comparing the memory performance in the whole-display condition where non-target memory items were present during retrieval with that in the single-display condition where non-target memory items were absent. In the single-display condition, we found an overestimation bias that the depth estimates were farther than the corresponding depth positions defined by disparity, and a contraction bias that the stored depth positions near the observer were overestimated and those far from the observer were underestimated. The magnitude of these biases increased with the number of to-be-stored items. However, in the whole-display condition, the overestimation bias was corrected and the contraction bias did not increase with the number of to-be-stored items. Our findings suggested that the number of to-be-stored items could affect the accuracy of depth working memory, and its effect depended crucially on whether the information of spatial configuration of memory display was available at the retrieval stage.     

How Buddhist beliefs relate to blood donation intention: The role of moral attentiveness and self-monitoring

Buddhism is prevalent in Asia and has been growing in Western countries. Its perspectives have subtle influences on people’s ways of thinking and behaving. This study focuses on the association between Buddhist beliefs and blood donation intention. We draw on a social-cognitive perspective to delineate how this link is mediated by moral attentiveness and moderated by self-monitoring. Data were collected via online surveys, and 508 respondents were included in the final sample. We used Hayes’ PROCESS macro and simple slope analysis to assess all relationships in our moderated mediation model. Results indicated that Buddhist beliefs were positively related to blood donation intention, and moral attentiveness mediated this relationship. Moreover, self-monitoring was found to moderate the direct relationship between Buddhist beliefs and moral attentiveness, as well as the indirect relationship between Buddhist beliefs and blood donation intention through moral attentiveness. The associations were strengthened with increased self-monitoring. This research provides a nuanced explanation of the manner in which Buddhist beliefs are associated with blood donation intention. Blood donation recruitment campaigns can incorporate instrumental elements of Buddhist teachings, such as the pursuit of moral perfection, the cultivation of the virtues of unselfishness, benevolence and understanding, and the laws of Karma. Meanwhile, mindfulness as a core practice in Buddhism can be utilized to improve moral attentiveness and self-monitoring, thereby promoting blood donation intention.     

Customer-Initiated Support and Employees’ Proactive Customer Service Performance: A Multilevel Examination of Proactive Motivation as the Mediator

Drawing on the proactive motivation model and theories of motivation, the current study examined customer-initiated support as an antecedent of employees’ proactive customer service performance (PCSP) and investigated the mediating role of proactive motivations and the moderating role of serving culture. We conducted two multilevel studies to test the proposed hypotheses. In study 1, we collected diary data from 158 nurses across 10 working days, and results showed that the relationship between nurses’ daily experience of customer-initiated support and their PCSP was mediated by self-efficacy, work meaning, and positive affect. In study 2, we collected multilevel multi-source data from 373 nurses nested within 80 units and found that nurses’ experience of customer-initiated support was positively related to their supervisor-rated PCSP via role-breadth self-efficacy and work meaning, but not through positive affect. Further, team-level serving culture strengthened the positive relationship between customer-initiated support and role-breadth self-efficacy. These findings shed light on understanding the effect of customer-initiated support as an external factor on prompting service employees’ proactive behaviors, potential motivational mediators to explain the underlying mechanisms, and potential boundary conditions inside of service organizations to strengthen the positive effects of customer-initiated support.     

崇尚科学拒绝伪科学

伪科学(Pseudoscience)一词出现于1844年。我们今天称之为伪科学的许多东西在历史上与科学曾有着千丝万缕的联系,如占星术之于天文学,炼金术之于化学。但是历史上的占星术和炼金术都不是伪科学,只有在科学值得冒充之后,它们有意识地冒充科学才可算是伪科学。面对社会上的日渐泛滥的伪科学,我们不得不提高警惕,利用科学的方法揭露伪科学的真面目。我们迫在眉睫的任务是提高全民族的科学文化素质,提倡科学精神,拒绝伪科学。     

从宗教蒙昧到人文理性——管窥三代历史文化结构的转型

文明无不根旧迹而演来,三代的政治制度和文化系统是中华文明的源头,所谓文物风俗,渊薮于此。这样的一个时代,在社会组织、政治架构、文化价值的公共层面、乃至家庭伦理、道德理念、起居饮食等私人领域,都有浓重的神学与宗教色彩。进入西周末年,随着政治动荡、社会危机的出现,其深层的历史文化机构开始自我变革,春秋战国时期大致完成了从宗教蒙昧到人文理性的转变。这样一个自我革新的路径和理性的传承奠定了嗣后中国历史的走向和文化的发展轨迹,注定华夏文明的主流是温和的、保守自由的和人文理性的。     

艮斋性理学的结构及其特色

艮斋田愚代表了朝鲜王朝末期儒者抗争外来殖民文化,保存传统文化的努力。他的思想以朱子学为主,兼综畿湖学派,创造了“性师心弟”、“性尊心卑”等学说;他的性理学着重在坚守传统伦理,为民族国家奠立社会基础;发挥东方学术的宗教意味,为士人安身立命寻找理论基石;坚持义利之辨,反对新学的功利主义。晚年特重修持实践,诠释传统礼仪,阐扬宗法文化,为保存传统文化作了最后的抗争。     

The dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and the hospital anxiety and depression (HADS) in Chinese rosacea patients

The study aims to investigate the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological situation in Chinese patients with rosacea. A total of 196 healthy controls and 201 rosacea patients were involved in the final analysis. The general information, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were collected. Significantly higher DLQI, anxiety and depression score were observed in the rosacea group compared to the control group (p < .01). Total DLQI score of patients was positively related with anxiety (r = .526, p < .001) and depression scores (r = .399, p < .001) in HADS. Rosacea had significant psychological impact on Chinese patients and had substantial influence on their QOL. Physicians should address the psychosocial needs of rosacea patients as much as its physical symptoms.     

Effects of telephone support on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis

The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of disease education or pulmonary rehabilitation programs assisted with telephone support on physical capacity and quality of life (QOL) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library was conducted until May 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of telephone-assisted intervention versus a control group on exercise tolerance and QOL in patients with COPD were included. Two independent authors assessed the methodological quality of the trials using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was conducted with the Revman5.3 to quantify the effects of telephone-assisted interventions on walking capacity and QOL. In total, 10 studies involving 1037 participants were included. Due to the effect of telephone-assisted interventions, statistically significant results were found on Saint-George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) symptom scores [standard mean difference (SMD) ?.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) ?.33, ?.03, p-value .02)], SGRQ impact scores [SMD ?.35, 95% CI ?.60, ?.10, p-value .006)], SGRQ activity scores [SMD ?.30, 95% CI ?.45, ?.15, p-value < .0001)], SGRQ total score [SMD ?.36, 95% CI ?.51, ?.21, p-value < .00001)]. The effects on 6-min walk test (6MWT) and all Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) subscales were not significant (p > .05) based on the insufficient evidence. In conclusion, the role of telephone-assisted interventions in the management of COPD remains equivocal. Some encouraging results were seen with regard to SGRQ symptom, SGRQ impact, SGRQ activity and SGRQ total score. We believe that more methodologically rigorous large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to answer this study question.