儿童特质推理与情绪和效价线索理解的关系

本研究从情绪、效价两个角度探讨儿童特质理解与线索理解的关系。372名4、5、7岁儿童完成了贴标签和行为预测两类特质推理任务。实验一显示,所有年龄段儿童都能完成对情绪性特质害羞和胆小的推理,且特质和行为评定与情绪评定呈显著正相关;实验二显示,所有年龄段均能完成双重性质特质助人为乐和自私的推理,特质和行为评定与效价、情绪评定均呈显著正相关,回归分析则只有效价评定进入方程。结果说明,儿童完成情绪性特质推理任务时与情绪理解能力关系密切,而对双重性质特质推理时更多的与效价理解能力有关。     

急性脑梗死早期OCSP分型的临床应用评价

为了研究急性脑梗死早期OCSP（Oxfordshire Community Stroke Projet）分型的应用价值,连续收集首次发病的脑梗死患者326例,按OCSP分型分为完全前循环梗死（TACI）、部分前循环梗死（PACI）、腔隙性脑梗死（LACI）、后循环梗死（PCI）,入组后各亚型比较急性期神经功能缺损评分和结构影像学特征,3个月的病死率和日常生活活动（ADL）能力评分。显示,TACI大面积脑梗死占74．4％,PACI中等面积脑梗死占64．5%。LACI腔隙灶脑梗死占90％,POCI大面积脑梗死占22．7％,中等面积脑梗死占40.9％,小梗死占36.4％。急性期神经功能缺损以TACI最严重,PACI和POCI次之,LACI最轻,TACI与其他各型之间,PACI和POCI与LACI之间的差异均有极显著性意义（P〈0．0005）,PACI和POCI之间差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。TACI的病死率为44．2％,PACI为10．2%,POCI为18．2%赫,LACI为2．6％,TACI病死率与各型比较有极显著性意义（P〈0．01）.TAC13个月的ADL为重度依赖,POCI为中度依赖,另2个亚型均为轻度依赖,有极显著性意义（P〈0．005）。由此得出结论,OCSP分型与影像学有良好对应关系。不同的OCSP分型可以反映脑梗死急性期神经功能缺损的严重程度,OCSP分型有利于脑梗死急性期个体化治疗选择。     

The Antecedent Impact of Culture and Economic Growth on Nations` Creativity and Innovation Capability

Even though the literature has widely examined culture’s effect on nations’ creativity and innovation level, it has done little to address the system theory’s perspective. However, as proponents of the system theory have argued, nations’ creativity and innovation is the cumulative effort of the various stakeholders who operate as a system, so any assessment of a nation’s creativity and innovation must consider these stakeholders’ role. This study examines the overlooked effect of culture on the broader system aspect of eighty nations’ creativity and innovationto ensure representation by both developed and developing countries. Structural equation modeling using partial least squares software is applied to analyze the data. The study found out that nations with individualist and low power distance cultural values have the highest creativity and innovation, and that a nation’s economic growth level moderates the impact of the individualist cultural value. Policymakers who seek to develop a strategy that promotes creativity and innovation at the national level benefit from these findings. Future research directions are suggested.     

Cognitive adjustment and psychological capital influences on expatriate workers’ job performance: An Ethiopian study

This study examined the relationship between cognitive adjustment and expatriates’ performance in the foreign host-country, and the moderating role of psychological capital in this relationship. The expatriates (N?=?1 229; female?=?32%; mean international tenure?=?2.99, SD?=?4.44) completed measures of cognitive adjustments (work and non-work related), psychological capital, job-performance, and organisational culture. Results from the data analysis, using the product least square method, indicate expatriates’ cognitive adjustments (work and non-work related) and psychological capital to singularly predict job performance. Psychological capital partly moderated the relationship between cognitive adjustment (work related) and expatriates’ performance.     

Source ROCs are (typically) curvilinear: comment on Yonelinas (1999)

On the basis of his assumption that recollection is a threshold process, A. P. Yonelinas (1999) predicted linear source-identification receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) and recently reported data that were consistent with this prediction. In this article, the authors present data showing curvilinear source-identification ROCs across various encoding and test conditions. On the basis of the source-monitoring framework (e.g., M. K. Johnson, S. Hashtroudi, & D. S. Lindsay, 1993), the authors argue that curvilinearity of source-identification ROCs is a result of differences in the qualitative characteristics of memories rather than simply the influence of undifferentiated familiarity as the dual-process model might suggest.     

Balanced Time Perspective and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of “Temporal Negative Affect”

Journal of Happiness Studies - The relationship between a balanced time perspective and life satisfaction has been demonstrated in previous studies, yet the potential mechanisms underlying this...     

“It Would be Harder Without Faith”: An Exploratory Study of Low-Income Families’ Experiences of Early Childhood Inclusive Education in New Zealand

Journal of Religion and Health - New Zealand has a reputation for having one of the most inclusive education systems in the world. However, research and anecdotal evidence show that many parents of...     

Asymmetric goal contagion: Social power attenuates goal contagion among strangers

Goal contagion is an important interpersonal process. As people spontaneously infer and adopt others' goals, goals can be said to “flow” among individuals. We find that possessing power attenuates goal contagion, especially for high perspective takers. In a pilot study (N = 157), we first affirmed the interpersonal nature of goal contagion by establishing that high (vs. low) perspective takers were more likely to engage in goal contagion. We then tested the moderating role of power in two studies. In both neutral (Study 1, N = 179) and low power (Study 2, N = 304) conditions, we replicated the pattern in the pilot study. In the high power conditions, however, neither low nor high perspective takers engaged in goal contagion. Our findings suggest that goals flow asymmetrically from the powerful to the powerless, which may constitute an important means through which power hierarchy and group cohesion are maintained.     

How Do Coworkers “Make the Place”? Examining Coworker Conflict and the Value of Harmony in China and the United States

The goal of this study was to test cross‐cultural/cross‐national differences in the association between coworker interpersonal justice and coworker conflict and the implications of such differences for employee effectiveness. Harmony is a central value in China but is less important in the United States, and the individual value of harmony may influence Chinese and US employees differently in their response to low levels of coworker interpersonal justice. We collected data from employees and their coworkers in China (214 dyads) and the US (301 dyads). There were three major findings. First, coworker interpersonal justice was negatively related to coworker conflict. Second, coworker conflict significantly mediated coworker interpersonal justice in relation to the employee effectiveness variables of task performance, organisational citizenship behaviours, and counterproductive work behaviours. Finally, in the Chinese sample, harmony significantly buffered the indirect effect of coworker interpersonal justice on employee effectiveness via coworker conflict, whereas in the US sample, harmony significantly intensified the indirect effect of coworker interpersonal justice on employee effectiveness via coworker conflict.     

Gender and neural substrates subserving implicit processing of death-related linguistic cues

Our recent functional magnetic resonance imaging study revealed decreased activities in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and bilateral insula for women during the implicit processing of death-related linguistic cues. Current work tested whether aforementioned activities are common for women and men and explored potential gender differences. We scanned twenty males while they performed a color-naming task on death-related, negative-valence, and neutral-valence words. Whole-brain analysis showed increased left frontal activity and decreased activities in the ACC and bilateral insula to death-related versus negative-valence words for both men and women. However, relative to women, men showed greater increased activity in the left middle frontal cortex and decreased activity in the right cerebellum to death-related versus negative-valence words. The results suggest, while implicit processing of death-related words is characterized with weakened sense of oneself for both women and men, men may recruit stronger cognitive regulation of emotion than women.