仪表数量与信号间隔时距对监视作业效绩的影响

用信号察觉反应时与信号误报率作指标 ,对监视作业中监视仪表数量与信号间隔时距对监视作业效绩的影响问题进行研究。结果表明 ,监视作业的效绩会随仪表增多和信号间隔时距增大而呈下降趋势。当监视仪表达到 8个时 ,监视作业的效绩会因负荷过重而明显下降。信号出现间隔时距增长时 ,会因警戒水平下降使监视仪表作业的效绩明显降低。     

殷周时期的犯罪心理学思想初探

中国是世界犯罪心理学思想的重要发源地。本文通过对《尚书》、《周易》、《诗》、《周礼》等历史文献的研究,从犯罪心理的形成原因及其预防、审判心理、刑罚心理和罪犯改造心理等四个方面,对殷周时期(约公元前16世纪～前771年)的犯罪心理学思想进行了比较全面、系统的探讨。作者认为,殷周时期的犯罪心理学思想虽然是一种比较朴素、直观的理论形态,但它作为中国犯罪心理学思想史的肇始和开端,无疑占有十分重要的地位,对后世产生了很大的影响。     

儿童对几种时间词句的理解

现实中任何事情总是在一定的时、空条件下发生的,所以语言学家概括出简单陈述句的基本模式为:时间坐标+空间坐标+核心句。但时间不同于空间,它是看不见摸不着的,因此儿童在语言中使用时间词汇比空间词汇少而且迟,我们从调查中(注)发现,在七十名     

初中生同伴圈子的发展及其对合作倾向、预期和行为的影响

在社会化过程中,同伴圈子不仅决定儿童青少年的交往范围和互动质量,而且影响其心理发展和社会适应。本研究从苏州市某初级中学选取768名初一学生进行了为期一年的追踪,采用社会认知地图、合作倾向评定量表和公共物品困境实验范式测查了同伴圈子、合作倾向、预期与合作行为,运用多层线性模型技术（Two-level HLM）探讨同伴圈子的合作水平对个体合作水平的影响。结果发现：（1）女生圈子数量最多而规模最小,男女混合圈子规模最大而数量最少;跨地域圈子数量最多且规模最大;（2）女生圈子最为稳定,男女混合圈子最不稳定;（3）在混合性别圈子中,个体的合作预期与行为更容易随着圈子合作预期水平的提高而增强;而在单性别圈子中,个体的合作预期与行为更容易随着圈子合作行为水平的提高而增强。结论：初中生同伴圈子在性别上具有同质性,女生圈子多且稳定;第一年单性别和混合性别圈子的合作倾向、预期和行为水平对第二年个体的合作水平产生了不同影响,即不同性别圈子对个体的影响模式存在差异。     

云南梁河阿昌族原始宗教中的巫蛊信仰

云南梁河阿昌族原始宗教中的巫蛊信仰主要表现为“放歹”、“披拍鬼”和“扑死鬼”等几类。对于阿昌族来说,“歹”似乎是村寨不可缺少的东西,它会保佑村寨的平安,哪个寨子没有“歹”的话就不会兴旺发达,而对“披拍鬼”和“扑死鬼”的信仰则主要受到了傣族的影响。阿昌族人家平日里不敢和会巫蛊的人进行交往,婚配对象的选择更是要排除巫蛊人家的子女。为了减轻或破除巫蛊对村民们造成的侵害,梁河阿昌族民间普遍存在着“送歹”、“送披拍鬼”、“割歹”、“撵歹”等独特的化解巫蛊祸害的方法。     

当代东南亚华人基督教浅析

本文尝试概述当代东南亚华人基督教的形成背景,归纳其主要特点,分析其发展趋势。文章认为,东南亚华人基督教曾是西方对华传教工作的副产品,也是华侨华人在海外落地生根,社会现代化、价值多元化的结果。东南亚地区种族复杂,宗教多元。在多元异质文化的冲击交荡中,东南亚华人基督教呈现出与其它地区华人基督教相异的特点。当前,基督教在东南亚华人社会影响日增,但难以成为华人社会的主流文化,华文文化、华人佛教和伊斯兰教复兴力量则是影响东南亚华人基督教未来发展的重要因素。     

Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Chinese version

The aim of the present study was to develop a Chinese version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-C) and to examine its psychometric properties in a sample of Chinese university students. The English version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was translated and back-translated prior to its administration to 791 participants recruited from two universities in Changsha, Hunan (China). Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, inter-scale reliability, and factorial validity were analysed. The CERQ-C exhibited: (1) moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.83); (2) a mean inter-class correlation coefficient of .79; (3) a mean inter-item correlation coefficient of .09; and (4) moderate test–retest reliability (.64). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original CERQ nine-factor model. Finally, with respect to criterion validity, several CERQ-C subscales were uniquely associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety.     

Considering self‐interests and symbolism together: How instrumental and value‐expressive motives interact to influence supervisors’ justice behavior

Drawing upon functional theories of attitudes and the organizational justice literature, the current research suggests that people's attitudes toward justice likely serve an instrumental function (grounded in self‐interest, rewards maximization, and punishment minimization) as well as a value‐expressive function (grounded in the expression of self‐concept and values). Importantly, these two functions co‐exist and interact to influence supervisors’ justice behavior and the consistency of such behavior via supervisors’ justification for unjust behavior. Findings from a set of experimental and correlational studies confirmed these predictions. The positive effects of supervisors’ value‐expressive function on justice behavior and its consistency were stronger when their instrumental function was lower (vs. higher), and justification for unjust behavior mediated these effects. Also, supplementary analyses showed that the consistency of supervisors’ justice behavior positively predicted subordinates’ overall justice perceptions beyond the effects of the overall level of justice behavior. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.     

政策执行偏差严重程度对公众地方政府 责任判断的影响:多重中介模型的检验

为探讨地方政府政策执行偏差严重程度对公众地方政府责任判断的影响机制。采用问卷法对678名社会公众进行调查,结果显示:(1)地方政府政策执行偏差情境下,公众地方政府愿望判断和公众地方政府信念判断在政策执行偏差严重程度和公众地方政府责任判断之间起多重中介作用。(2)公众地方政府信念判断在政策执行偏差严重程度和公众地方政府责任判断之间的中介效应量大于公众地方政府愿望判断的中介效应量。     

The influence of induced mood on music preference

The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of different self-centered moods on music preference without listening to music. Participants’ affective state (sad vs. happy vs. neutral) were experimentally manipulated through the mood induction procedure, and then their preferences for music were ascertained through self-reports. To understand participants’ internal motivations for their choices, we also asked them to indicate how appropriate he/she felt it would be to select the different music types as well as why they made such choices. Results suggested that participants in a sad mood were inclined to listen to sad (and slow) music, those in a happy mood preferred to listen to happy (and fast) music, and those in a neutral mood did not consistently prefer to listen to neutral music. In addition, participants were averse to sad music when they were in a happy or neutral mood; while they showed no aversion to happy music when they were in a sad mood. In conclusion, individuals select valence-consistent music when they are in an autobiographical memory-induced mood state.