Combined visual illusion effects on the perceived index of difficulty and movement outcomes in discrete and continuous fitts’ tapping

The speed-accuracy trade-off is a fundamental movement problem that has been extensively investigated. It has been established that the speed at which one can move to tap targets depends on how large the targets are and how far they are apart. These spatial properties of the targets can be quantified by the index of difficulty (ID). Two visual illusions are known to affect the perception of target size and movement amplitude: the Ebbinghaus illusion and Muller-Lyer illusion. We created visual images that combined these two visual illusions to manipulate the perceived ID, and then examined people’s visual perception of the targets in illusory context as well as their performance in tapping those targets in both discrete and continuous manners. The findings revealed that the combined visual illusions affected the perceived ID similarly in both discrete and continuous judgment conditions. However, the movement outcomes were affected by the combined visual illusions according to the tapping mode. In discrete tapping, the combined visual illusions affected both movement accuracy and movement amplitude such that the effective ID resembled the perceived ID. In continuous tapping, none of the movement outcomes were affected by the combined visual illusions. Participants tapped the targets with higher speed and accuracy in all visual conditions. Based on these findings, we concluded that distinct visual-motor control mechanisms were responsible for execution of discrete and continuous Fitts’ tapping. Although discrete tapping relies on allocentric information (object-centered) to plan for action, continuous tapping relies on egocentric information (self-centered) to control for action. The planning-control model for rapid aiming movements is supported.     

大学生闲暇生活自我管理与心理控制源的关系研究

目的：探讨大学生闲暇生活自我管理与心理控制源之间的关系。方法：采用自编的大学生闲暇生活自我管理问卷、内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表对557名大学生进行调查。结果：①大学生闲暇生活自我管理总分存在显著性别差异,但在年级上不存在显著差异;②大学生闲暇生活自我管理与控制感的内控性呈极显著正相关（r=0．19,p〈0．01）;与有势力的他人、机遇呈显著负相关（r=-0．202,r=-0．216,p〈0．01）。结论：大学生的控制源对闲暇生活自我管理有重要影响。     

社会技能构成因素及其意义

阐述了社会技能的构成因素,其主要包括自信、报答与强化、非言语交流技能、言语交流技能、同理心、合作、关心他人等;以及社会技能对个体的社会支持、心身健康和工作效率的影响。     

医学人文素质教育与小班化教学

中国医学人文教育正处于起步、探索阶段,课堂教学是主要渠道和途径,而目前各校的医学人文教育采取的大班课教学方式影响了教学效果。从医学人文教育的理念和教育规律出发,并借鉴他国的经验,小班化教学应是落实人文教育的实效性一个中心环节。     

小学生创造性数学问题提出能力的发展研究

运用实验的方法,对371名小学生创造性数学问题提出能力的发展进行了研究。结果表明:1)小学生创造性数学问题提出能力整体呈现波浪式上升的趋势;2)男女生在创造性数学问题提出能力上不存在显著差异;3)城乡小学生创造性数学问题提出能力的发展差异显著,城市小学学生发展比乡村小学学生发展早一年。     

麦金太尔美德概念的建构及其启示

麦金太尔的美德概念是在他对西方美德传统重述的基础上提出的.他认为现代西方社会道德问题的深层原因是启蒙运动以来拒斥了以亚里士多德为中心的美德传统,这导致了现代道德哲学研究只重视规范的单边主义倾向.因此,他希望通过重构美德概念,并通过建立教会共同体弘扬他所倡导的美德以拯救现代西方社会.虽然,他的愿望在现代西方社会或许只是一个梦想,但他对美德概念的建构及解释却具有一定的启示意义.     

中学组织气氛测量及其与教师心理健康的相关分析

在借鉴国外有关学校组织气氛理论研究成果和我国教育实践调查的基础上,对中学组织气氛的结构因素进行了理论构想。通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,发现学校组织气氛主要由管理气氛、教学气氛、学习气氛、人际气氛四个维度共23个因子构成的。在此基础上,编制了中学组织气氛量表。经考察,该量表具有较好的信度与效度。应用该量表探讨学校组织气氛与教师心理健康的关系。结果发现：学校管理气氛与教师心理疾病中的敌意因子,学习气氛与强迫、人际敏感、焦虑和敌意因子具有显著的正相关;教师心理疾病各因子与学校组织人际气氛具有负相关,但不显著;学习气氛与敌意和焦虑、管理气氛与敌意因子回归显著。     

企业员工工作价值观与组织公民行为的关系研究

本研究旨在探讨企业员工工作价值观与组织公民行为的关系。用工作价值观调查表、中国组织公民行为量表对525名企业员工进行了问卷调查,结果发现：整体工作价值观与整体组织公民行为存在着显著性相关;工作价值观的能力警曼等璧翌组织公民行为的公司认同、个人主动性、保护公司资源因素有显著正向影响;工作价值观的地位因素对组织公民行为的公司认同、同事间的利他行为、个人主动性因素有显著正向影响。     

城乡父母养育方式与大学生自我概念的关系研究

通过调查689名大学生的父母养育方式和自我概念,考察不同地域父母养育方式与大学生自我概念的关系。结果表明：城市女生比农村女生感受到父母更多的温暖理解和过度保护、更少的偏爱,而城乡男大学生在父母养育方式上没有差异;城市大学生在自我概念各维度上得分均高于农村大学生,而这种差异在女大学生中尤其明显。父母温暖理解对子女的自我概念有正向影响,而拒绝否认和过度保护对子女自我概念有负向影响;城市大学生的自我概念发展主要受父亲养育方式影响,而农村大学生的自我概念发展同时受父亲和母亲养育方式的影响。     

State and Trait Anger Predicting Creative Process Engagement—The Role of Emotion Regulation

Drawing on the specific emotion approach, and based on the emotional regulation theory and cognitive and activation perspectives on emotions, this study examined the differentiated impact of state and trait anger on creative process engagement (CPE) and the moderating influences of emotion reappraisal and suppression. Data were obtained from daily surveys (N = 422) of 98 employees from three consultancy companies. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis revealed that trait anger has a stronger impact on CPE than state anger does. Furthermore, the relationship between state anger and CPE is stronger when emotion reappraisal is lower, rather than higher, and the relationship between trait anger and CPE is also stronger when emotion suppression is lower, rather than higher.