音乐知觉的神经基础研究

音乐知觉涉及基于声音分析、听觉记忆、听觉场景分析、以及音乐的句法和语义加工的复杂的脑神经活动。同时,音乐知觉还潜在的影响情绪、自主神经系统、荷尔蒙以及免疫系统,并激活(前)运动表象。在过去的几年里,音乐加工及其神经关联方面的研究已取得了飞速的进展,主要体现为音乐知觉的神经认知模型、音乐的句法和语义加工、音乐和机体反应等领域的研究。     

Computably Enumerable Equivalence Relations

We study computably enumerable equivalence relations (ceers) on N and unravel a rich structural theory for a strong notion of reducibility among ceers.     

互动视角的组织社会化动态跟踪研究

以3项不同时间尺度的跟踪研究, 探索新员工组织社会化的动态与交互过程。首先, 通过在入职最初3个月每月为期1周的即时调研, 探索新员工与主管的沟通特征与机制; 然后通过为期3个月、时间间隔为1周, 针对新员工与其主管的配对短期跟踪调研, 探索社会化过程中学习与认同的动态特征与内部变化机制, 以及互动作用的动态变化特征; 最后通过为期1年、时间间隔为3个月的长期跟踪调研, 考察新员工主动参与组织社会化、领导者主动提供社会化支持的影响因素, 以及组织社会化的结果。     

标签位置和内容对女性网购影响的眼动研究

本研究参照广告效果评估的研究方法,考察标签位置（上,下）和标签内容（新款, 秒杀, 热销）对35名女性被试浏览网店服装图片过程中眼动特征以及主观购买意愿的影响。早期眼动指标（首次注视时间）和晚期眼动指标（注视时间比和注视次数比）均表明,标签位置受到标签内容的调节;晚期眼动指标（注视时间比和注视次数比）表明,标签内容也受到标签位置的调节。主观购买意愿表明,标签内容为新款和热销时,被试购买意愿显著高于秒杀情况。以上结果说明在浏览网店服装时,服装标签内容和标签位置共同调节女性被试对服装图片的加工过程,但调节方式在加工早期和加工晚期并不完全相同。     

奖惩对行为抑制及程序阶段中自主生理反应的影响

采用停止信号任务探讨奖惩条件对行为抑制和程序阶段中自主生理反应的影响。结果显示：(1)奖惩组的反应时显著高于控制组, 抑制失败率则显著低于控制组; (2)奖励组与其它两组相比表现出心率显著增加和皮肤电活动显著降低; (3)各生理指标在准备、工作和奖惩阶段中的奖惩差异性显著(4)奖惩条件下皮肤电活动呈现出一致性程序阶段变化。结果表明：奖惩条件均对行为具有抑制作用, 但在自主生理反应上则有显著差异; 各生理指标在准备、工作和奖惩阶段的情绪效价显著; 皮肤电活动的程序阶段变化显著, 但其奖惩效价较为稳定, 很少接受程序阶段变化的影响。     

怀疑、先天综合判断和确定性——从康德与维特根斯坦的角度看

本文将认为,就针对怀疑论的反驳来看,理性派（笛卡尔）的反驳是虚假的;经验派（摩尔）的反驳带有任意性。唯有康德跟维特根斯坦的反驳具有特别的意义。维特根斯坦通过语言游戏理论对怀疑论的反驳在实质上跟康德极为类似,两人观点的不一致之处以及康德理论所忽略的东西,都可以通过维特根斯坦对康德理论的修正得到理解。     

国内六大区心理治疗和咨询管理状况的调查

本研究的主要目的是考察国内目前心理治疗和咨询管理方面的地区差异,并做出比较 .本研究采用自编的调查表对包括全国29个省、市、自治区的1543名被试进行了调查.按照行政区域分为华北、东北、华东、中南、西南和西北六个地区对调查所得结果进行统计分析 .结果发现各地区发展确实存在不均衡的情况,其中华北、华东地区专业水平较高,各种培训和机构的管理规范比较完善;而西北地区则相对比较落后,体现在专业机构要求不高,以及机构规范欠缺等方面.     

主题还是分类学? 对事物分类倾向的发展研究

研究旨在探讨个体分类倾向的发展趋势与影响因素.实验一采用图片、文字两种方式呈现实验材料,并使用不同指导语.要求被试选择三个事物中关系更近的两个.结果表明,成人比儿童具有更显著的按照主题分类的倾向,实验材料的呈现方式对于被试分类倾向没有显著影响.实验二进一步考察了分类倾向的发展轨迹,随着年龄增长,个体按照主题划分事物的倾向增强,由倾向于按照分类学规则向按照主题分类的转变可能发生在小学低中年级之间.     

College Student Samples Are Not Always Equivalent: The Magnitude of Personality Differences Across Colleges and Universities

This research examined the magnitude of personality differences across different colleges and universities to understand (a) how much students at different colleges vary from one another and (b) whether there are site‐level variables that can explain observed differences. Nearly 8,600 students at 30 colleges and universities completed a Big Five personality trait measure. Site‐level information was obtained from the Integrated Postsecondary Education System database (U.S. Department of Education). Multilevel models revealed that each of the Big Five traits showed significant between‐site variability, even after accounting for individual‐level demographic differences. Some site‐level variables (e.g., enrollment size, requiring letters of recommendation) explained between‐site differences in traits, but many tests were not statistically significant. Student samples at different universities differed in terms of average levels of Big Five personality domains. This raises the possibility that personality differences may explain differences in research results obtained when studying students at different colleges and universities. Furthermore, results suggest that research that compares findings for only a few sites (e.g., much cross‐cultural research) runs the risk of overgeneralizing differences between specific samples to broader group differences. These results underscore the value of multisite collaborative research efforts to enhance psychological research.     

Conflict Resolution in Chinese Adolescents' Friendship: Links with Regulatory Focus and Friendship Satisfaction

It is generally acknowledged that people adopt different resolution strategies when facing conflicts with others. However, the mechanisms of conflict resolution are still unclear and under researched, in particular within the context of Chinese adolescents' same-sex friendship relations. Thus, the present study investigated the mediator role of conflict resolution strategies in the relationship between regulatory foci and friendship satisfaction for the first time. 653 Chinese adolescents completed the regulatory foci, conflict resolution style, and friendship satisfaction measures. The results of the structure equation modeling showed that while promotion focus was positively associated with problem-solving and compliance, prevention focus was positively associated with withdrawal and conflict engagement. In addition, problem-solving mediated the relationship between promotion focus and friendship satisfaction, and conflict engagement mediated the relationship between prevention focus and friendship satisfaction. These findings contribute to understanding Chinese adolescents' use of conflict resolution strategies as well as the relationship between regulatory foci and behavioral strategies in negative situations.