Frequency of borderline personality disorder among psychiatric outpatients in Shanghai

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and comorbidity of borderline personality disorder (BPD) among psychiatric outpatients in two clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted. From 3,075 outpatients screened using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-IV+, 2,284 patients positive for a personality disorder were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders. The frequency of BPD among the psychiatric outpatients was 5.8%, with a frequency of 3.5% among males and 7.5% among females (p < .01). BPD was found to have extensive comorbidity with Axis I and II disorders. This study proves that BPD does occur in China. The detected frequency among outpatients is lower than that reported in North America.     

宗教身份与罗马人格法

宗教身份是指某宗教团体(派别)及其信徒在世俗社会中所处的地位。在基督教传入罗马前,各宗教间保持着和平共处的态势。其时,拥有某宗教身份不会影响人们的法律地位。但随着基督教的出现,这种情况改变了。帝政初期,他教信仰者因憎恶基督徒而对其迫害。因基督教身份,基督徒或被剥夺市民身份降为外邦人;或被剥夺自由身份降为奴隶。此时,宗教身份是人格变更的因素。而当基督教成为帝国国教时,信仰正统的基督教则成为完整人格的构成要素。凡信仰正统基督教则享有完整的权利能力;反之则具体权利能力受限,但不会导致身份的剥夺。     

运动情境四维成就目标定向量表的初步编制——以第十二届特奥会中国籍智力残疾运动员为被试

该研究在文献分析和访谈的基础上,确定智力残疾运动领域成就目标定向的四维结构并编制初测问卷。对400名特奥会运动员进行了施测,对数据进行项目分析、验证性因素分析和信度分析。验证性因素分析和信度分析显示,问卷具有较好的效度和信度,可以作为运动领域四维目标定向的测量工具。     

5-9岁儿童自传记忆与自我概念的发展及其关系

自传记忆是关于个体生活事件的记忆,与个体的自我组织结构相互影响。为在同一文化背景下进一步探讨自传记忆与自我概念发展的关系,文章采用访谈的方式,对81名5-9岁儿童进行访谈,结果发现：（1）年龄较大儿童的自传记忆更丰富、具体,涉及更多的他人信息。（2）自我概念在一年级到三年级之间发展迅速。（3）儿童自传记忆与自我概念发展无显著的性别差异。（4）自传记忆与自我概念在多方面存在显著相关。     

基于能力的类比推理映射转换的实验研究

旨在通过交叉映射的实验研究范式,证明存在一种独立于知识经验的基于能力的映射转换过程。研究结果表明：（1）瑞文高级推理测验的第二组题确实要难于第一组题;被试在转换题上的得分低于非转换题上的得分,转换题的设计效果明显,且表明是否需要进行心理上的转换确实影响了被试的解题成绩;不论题目难度的高低都不影响转换与非转换之间的差异。（2）存在着基于能力的映射转换,并且映射转换能力与析出关系能力之间呈中等程度的线性相关。实验可以区分出析出关系能力高、低的被试和转换能力高、低的被试。     

Relationship between microstrain and lattice parameter change in nanocrystalline materials

A lattice distortion, represented by microstrain and lattice parameter change, is frequently observed in nanocrystalline (NC) materials. In this letter, we develop a quantitative model to account for this phenomenon. The internal stress induced by the excess volume at grain boundaries is suggested to be the main reason for the lattice distortion. NC materials, prepared by the milling and crystallization method, were used for analysis and comparison. Theoretical calculation shows a reasonable agreement with experimental observations in the grain-size range from 5 to 100 nm. Our results indicate that there is an inherent relationship between microstrain and lattice parameter change in NC materials.     

关于马基雅维利主义的道德心理研究

上世纪60～70年代,Christie创造了马基雅维利主义的心理学构念,而Exline,Geis和Bogart开创了关于马基雅维利主义的道德心理研究,后继研究者继承并不断完善他们的实验方法,探讨了马基雅维利主义与不道德行为(尤其是欺骗和逢迎)、道德判断(包括道德观和道德推理)、道德教育的关系。研究结果发现,尽管有证据证明马基雅维利主义与不道德行为存在密切关系,但两者是否是直接的因果关系仍存争议,不过多数学者一致认为马基雅维利主义者的不道德行为缘于其道德判断和道德教育,他们决策时将传统道德标准排除在决策标准体系之外,因此描述他们道德判断应采用"非道德"而不是"不道德"。     

Expatriates’ success in Ethiopia: Empirical evidence on the overlooked impact of cultural value alignment

The present study assessed the impact on the work engagement of expatriates’ personal value orientation alignment with the host country’s national culture. Participants were 231 expatriates from seven countries who are working in Ethiopia (females = 17%; mean age = 36 years, SD = 2.72 years). The expatriates completed measures of personal value orientation, cross-culture adjustment, and work engagement levels. Structural equation modelling analysis indicated expatriates with personal value orientations that align with the host country’s national culture to have a higher work engagement level. Cross-cultural adjustment mediated the relationship between personal value orientation and work engagement. Expatriates’ personal value orientation fit with the host country’s national culture is a resource to accomplish their work successfully.     

Effects of Accuracy Motivation and Anchoring on Metacomprehension Judgment and Accuracy

The current research investigates how accuracy motivation impacts anchoring and adjustment in metacomprehension judgment and how accuracy motivation and anchoring affect metacomprehension accuracy. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six conditions produced by the between-subjects factorial design involving accuracy motivation (incentive or no) and peer performance anchor (95%, 55%, or no). Two studies showed that accuracy motivation did not impact anchoring bias, but the adjustment-from-anchor process occurred. Accuracy incentive increased anchor-judgment gap for the 95% anchor but not for the 55% anchor, which induced less certainty about the direction of adjustment. The findings offer support to the integrative theory of anchoring. Additionally, the two studies revealed a “power struggle” between accuracy motivation and anchoring in influencing metacomprehension accuracy. Accuracy motivation could improve metacomprehension accuracy in spite of anchoring effect, but if anchoring effect is too strong, it could overpower the motivation effect. The implications of the findings were discussed.     

面孔识别过程中多重社会亚范畴的交互作用

认知者往往依据陌生个体面孔所携带的性别、年龄、种族等多重社会范畴信息对其进行加工,以期快速识别和了解他人。在基于面孔识别的多重社会范畴加工过程中,亚范畴间存在着复杂的交互作用。研究者分别采用"Who Said What"范式、重复启动范式、加纳选择注意范式、鼠标追踪范式等方法,发现亚范畴间的内隐加工具有彼此削弱的特性,外显加工存在交互影响的不对称性和偏差性。动态交互理论对此进行了进一步的理论分析与阐释。今后需更加科学地区分社会范畴加工的各个阶段,凸显内隐和外显加工的区别与联系;同时进一步整合各研究范式,克服方法异质导致的结果偏差甚至矛盾。