先秦时期黄帝祭祀活动之微探

在礼制发达的夏商周时期,作为始祖的黄帝受到隆重祭祀。春秋战国时期,随着社会的剧烈变革,黄帝祭祀的意义发生了变化,宗教意义淡化,而政治和社会意义上升。表现在“黄学”的出现、黄帝被作为天帝之一来祭祀以及把功德作为确定祭祀对象的标准三个方面。     

情感启动行为研究概述

在西方心理学界,情感启动的研究是近20年来的一个比较活跃的研究领域,研究者们采用多种实验任务和研究方法进行了大量实验,取得了一定的研究成果,证明了人的态度能够被自动激活,并提出了三种对情感启动效应的理论解释：激活扩散机制,反应冲突机制,情感匹配机制。但到目前为止,不同的研究之间仍然存在着一定的分歧。今后的研究应该重点探讨评价自动激活的内在机制,从而促进情感启动的无意识研究。     

创造性的公众观的调查研究（Ⅱ）——关于影响创造性的因素

本研究采用调查分析的方法,在预调查的基础上,编制问卷对影响创造性的因素的公众观进行了调查研究,结果发现：1．公众对影响创造性的诸因素的重要性的看法存在差异。2．公众的年龄,教育程度对影响创造性的因素的看法总体影响显著。3．公众的性别、年龄、教育程度对影响创造性的因素的看法总体交互作用显著。4．公众对影响创造性的某些因素的看法分别受性别、年龄、教育程度影响显著。5．公众性别、年龄、教育程度对影响创造性的某些因素的看法交互作用显著。     

Retrieval of concrete words involves more contextual information than abstract words: multiple components for the concreteness effect

The current study used the directed forgetting paradigm in implicit and explicit memory to investigate the concreteness effect. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to explore the neural basis of this phenomenon. The behavioral results showed a clear concreteness effect in both implicit and explicit memory tests; participants responded significantly faster to concrete words than to abstract words. The ERP results revealed a concreteness effect (N400) in both the encoding and retrieval phases. In addition, behavioral and ERP results showed an interaction between word concreteness and memory instruction (to-be-forgotten vs. to-be-remembered) in the late epoch of the explicit retrieval phase, revealing a significant concreteness effect only under the to-be-remembered instruction condition. This concreteness effect was realized as an increased P600-like component in response to concrete words relative to abstract words, likely reflecting retrieval of contextual details. The time course of the concreteness effect suggests advantages of concrete words over abstract words due to greater contextual information.     

时距加工的记忆负荷效应

为了探索非时间任务短时记忆加工对不同长度时距加工的影响是否一致,本研究采用双任务范式,操纵时距编码阶段的短时记忆加工负荷,以平均复制时距为因变量指标,考察了非时间任务短时记忆加工对1-6秒时距加工的影响。结果发现,1秒、2秒及3秒的平均复制长度不随记忆负荷的大小而变化,4秒、5秒及6秒的平均复制长度随着记忆负荷变大而缩短。这意味着非时间短时记忆对时距加工影响具有选择性。     

The hard-won benefits of familiarity in visual search: naturally familiar brand logos are found faster

Familiar items are found faster than unfamiliar ones in visual search tasks. This effect has important implications for cognitive theory, because it may reveal how mental representations of commonly encountered items are changed by experience to optimize performance. It remains unknown, however, whether everyday items with moderate levels of exposure would show benefits in visual search, and if so, what kind of experience would be required to produce them. Here, we tested whether familiar product logos were searched for faster than unfamiliar ones, and also familiarized subjects with previously unfamiliar logos. Subjects searched for preexperimentally familiar and unfamiliar logos, half of which were familiarized in the laboratory, amongst other, unfamiliar distractor logos. In three experiments, we used an N-back-like familiarization task, and in four others we used a task that asked detailed questions about the perceptual aspects of the logos. The number of familiarization exposures ranged from 30 to 84 per logo across experiments, with two experiments involving across-day familiarization. Preexperimentally familiar target logos were searched for faster than were unfamiliar, nonfamiliarized logos, by 8 % on average. This difference was reliable in all seven experiments. However, familiarization had little or no effect on search speeds; its average effect was to improve search times by 0.7 %, and its effect was significant in only one of the seven experiments. If priming, mere exposure, episodic memory, or relatively modest familiarity were responsible for familiarity’s effects on search, then performance should have improved following familiarization. Our results suggest that the search-related advantage of familiar logos does not develop easily or rapidly.     

略论汉代墓室建筑的伦理意蕴

作为灵魂不灭思想和祖宗崇拜的产物,墓葬自产生以来便得到世人的重视,这在诸子尤其是儒家孝悌观念影响深厚的汉代社会尤其如此。汉代墓室建筑的形制、构造、装饰特征等,反映了人们对于死后世界的一种认识,表达的是生者对死者的尊重和追思,反映了汉代社会生活中的等级观念、生死观念和孝敬观念。     

Modeling Concordance Correlation Coefficient for Longitudinal Study Data

Measures of agreement are used in a wide range of behavioral, biomedical, psychosocial, and health-care related research to assess reliability of diagnostic test, psychometric properties of instrument, fidelity of psychosocial intervention, and accuracy of proxy outcome. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) is a popular measure of agreement for continuous outcomes. In modern-day applications, data are often clustered, making inference difficult to perform using existing methods. In addition, as longitudinal study designs become increasingly popular, missing data have become a serious issue, and the lack of methods to systematically address this problem has hampered the progress of research in the aforementioned fields. In this paper, we develop a novel approach to tackle the complexities involved in addressing missing data and other related issues for performing CCC analysis within a longitudinal data setting. The approach is illustrated with both real and simulated data.     

视觉的伦理关涉和悖论

视觉的悖论是由"看"与"被看"、权力和权利、形式设计与意义关怀等相反相成的关涉组成的混合体."看"与"被看"既反映出一种主客体之间的张力关系,也逐渐表现出其权力变化的趋向.通过权力和权利作为视觉伦理关系的两极,可以清晰地看到隐藏在视觉背后的意识形态性.视觉的形式设计与意义关怀的失衡必然带来视觉互动过程中的伦理偏差,过度强调视觉的形式设计必然会影响到视觉本身的传达效果,消解视觉的意义关怀所在,也会误导人们的价值观念.在视觉的伦理关涉和悖论后面,我们更需要寻找到实质为人与自然、人与自身、人与人、人与社会之间关系的平衡.     

Chronic administration of troxerutin protects mouse brain against d-galactose-induced impairment of cholinergic system

Previous evidence showed that administration of d-galactose (d-gal) increased ROS production and resulted in impairment of cholinergic system. Troxerutin, a natural bioflavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of troxerutin against d-gal-induced impairment of cholinergic system, and explored the potential mechanism of its action. Our results displayed that troxerutin administration significantly improved behavioral performance of d-gal-treated mice in step-through test and morris water maze task. One of the potential mechanisms of this action was decreased AGEs, ROS and protein carbonyl levels in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice. Furthermore, our results also showed that troxerutin significantly inhibited cholinesterase (AchE) activity, increased the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 (nAchRα7) and enhanced interactions between nAchRα7 and either postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors subunit 1 (NMDAR1) in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice, which could help restore impairment of brain function.