网络视频课程中师生交互与大学生网络学习绩效的关系:学习自我效能感与学习动机的序列中介作用

本研究基于建构主义学习理论,采用问卷调查法以湖北省武汉市两所大学四个年级544名参与网络课堂的大学生为被试,探讨网络师生交互与网络学习绩效之间的关系,以及网络学习自我效能感和网络学习动机在其中的序列中介作用。结果发现：（1）网络师生交互、网络学习自我效能感、网络学习动机与网络学习绩效两两之间均显著正相关;（2）网络师生交互对网络学习绩效的直接效应和间接效应均显著。间接效应包含了两条路径：通过网络学习自我效能感的部分中介作用和通过网络学习自我效能感-网络学习动机的序列中介作用。这一结论有助于理解网络师生交互对网络学习绩效的作用机制,为未来网络教育的开展提供建议。     

小学2~5年级儿童基于成功基础率的策略适应性

以128名小学2~5年级儿童为被试,采用BST实验任务,对策略成功基础率变化进行控制,探讨了小学儿童策略适应性差异和发展特点。结果表明:（1）在策略成功基础率变化的情况下,小学儿童策略适应性存在年级差异,表现为2年级儿童策略适应性水平低于3年级儿童,2、3年级儿童策略适应性水平低于4、5年级儿童。（2）小学儿童策略适应性发展存在阶段性,儿童在小学2~5年级内策略适应性发生了质的变化,但是这种变化是一种渐进的发展变化过程,表现为从小学2年级到4年级儿童的策略适应性呈现显著的、渐进的变化,4、5年级之间儿童策略适应性处于稳定状态。     

Infiltration behaviour of water in a carbon nanotube under external pressure

The wetting behaviour and associated pressure effect of water in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are investigated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It is found that water molecules can enter SWCNTs via surface diffusion, and the effective infiltration rate increases with pressure. The effect of pressure on infiltration rate is highly non-linear, exhibiting characteristics of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. There exists a nominal infiltration pressure that is dependent on the SWCNT size, above which the water flux is significantly increased.     

儿童理解监控的即时加工过程

理解监控在口语和阅读信息的交流中起关键作用。即时加工研究为揭示儿童理解监控发展特点及内在机制提供了新途径。本文结合已有口语理解监控和阅读理解监控成果,对儿童理解监控的特点及其可能的影响因素进行了全面综述。未来研究应在儿童理解监控的时间进程、口语理解监控及理论模型等方面进一步深化,积极开展脑机制研究,并从视听跨通道整合角度探索儿童理解监控过程的发展。     

罗尔斯对康德伦理学的“建构主义诠释”——兼论《正义论》证成结构的思想“原型”

一、罗尔斯所理解的康德伦理学的基本特征:道德建构主义罗尔斯在整个学术生涯中从未间断过对康德伦理学的研究,其康德解读的精髓是从哲学方法论上把康德伦理学理解为一种道德建构主义(moral constructivism),在西方哲学史上第一次明确提出了建构主义概念,并把它运用于道德和政治哲学。     

Students’ achievement motivation in Finnish and Chinese higher education and its relation to perceived teaching-learning environments

This cross-cultural study of Finnish and Chinese students set out to compare the levels of achievement motivation (AM) in order to investigate whether the differences in them might be explained by the different cultural response styles and whether these response styles could be controlled for with a method which includes response style variables as covariates in ANCOVA. This study also scrutinizes relationships between perceived teaching-learning environments (TLE) and AM within each cultural group. The survey sample consisted of 3,035 Finnish and 2,309 mainland Chinese university students. Finnish students were found to rate the level of AM markedly higher than do Chinese students. It was determined that the method applied for response style controlling is not suitable for cross-cultural studies, even though it is recommended for this use. A modification of the method, which is based on robust statistical tools, was found not to change this conclusion, but it can nevertheless be used to obtain useful information about the effects of response style differences. The results also show that similar relationships between AM and TLE could be identified in the data of both groups. However, for the Finnish group AM is related to perceived suitable workload, whereas for the Chinese group it is related to teacher encouragement.     

16PF问卷网络与纸笔施测方式的比较

为检验网络测试与纸笔测试方式是否具有同等的信效度,16PF问卷被用于对两个样本分别进行网络(n=213)和纸笔(n=2801)施测;并从网络测试样本中随机抽取47人,随后进行纸笔重测。在α系数、测题同质性和次级因素结构三项检验中,各个人格因素的表现各有优劣,未得出统一的结论,但可以确定网络测试的信效度较纸笔测试没有明显下降。配对t检验的结果显示,两种施测方式下同一批被试的结果在部分因素上有显著性差异,不能将纸笔测试获得的常模直接用于网络测试。     

同品、异品蠡测

同品和异品是因明学体系中的两个基本概念,对它们的准确理解是解读九句因和因三相的一把钥匙,是确定新因明论式逻辑性质的前提条件.学术界已经存在的三种相关定义,为人们理解同品和异品提供了程度不同的启示,但均存在尚需完善之处.从内涵角度而言,同品是指具有所立法性质的事物,异品是指不具有所立法性质的事物;从外延角度而言,宗之前陈是否应当属于同品或者异品,在立量之际立敌双方对此意见分歧;但实际上,宗之前陈或者属于同品或者属于异品,二者必居其一,这是因明论式具有自悟和悟他功能之需要.这种视野下的同品和异品,可以解决九句因的归类以及九句因和因三相之间的一致性问题.