非球面人工晶状体临床应用的启示

非球面人工晶状体是波前像差技术与现代白内障手术完美结合的产物,也是多学科联合发展的结果。非球面人工晶状体较传统球面人工晶状体可明显改善白内障患者的视功能。倘若能实现个体化设计,非球面人工晶状体有望取代球面人工晶状体成为人工晶状体的主流。     

人格测验中作假的控制方法

被试很容易对人格测验作假,这严重影响了人格测验的有效性。目前测评专家已经提出了一些应对作假的方法,它们可被分为事前控制技术和事后识别技术两大类。前者包括迫选式量表,警告及假渠道技术等,后者包括作假识别量表,IRT及反应时识别技术等。目前,在人格测验中嵌套使用作假识别量表,以及在测验指导语中加入警告是比较有效的两种方法,迫选式量表的发展也值得期待。由于研究者对作假的内部发生机制了解较少,这制约了IRT与反应时识别技术的发展。     

论消费者的技术责任

现代消费是以技术为主要对象的消费,消费者是技术的重要主体,因而也是技术的责任主体,消费者应通过负责任的消费为技术承担生态责任、社会伦理责任和促进技术健康发展的责任.     

Tomasello关于语言获得的建构观

Michael Tomasello提出的用法建构语言获得理论认为儿童语言获得是一个以用法为基础、以功能为引导的逐步建构过程,而个体语言获得又以种系遗传的生物基础和文化历史积淀下来的语言环境为前提。本文在皮亚杰经典建构主义的框架下探讨Tomasello关于语言获得的建构观。     

目击证人辨认研究

目击证人辨认对司法审判具有重要的意义,这使其成为心理学研究领域的热点之一。本文重点介绍了影响目击证人辨认准确性的因素,即估计者变量和系统变量,并分析了目击证人辨认研究的现存问题。     

行为与情绪的框架效应及其与个性的关系

本研究旨在探讨行为和情绪的框架效应及与个性的关系。采用"艾森克人格量表"对116名高校学生进行测查,区分个体的人格特点,并让被试阅读一个具有风险的手术问题的文字材料,其中一半被试阅读的材料以积极形式构建,另一半以消极形式构建,探察被试在不同情景之下的阅读行为和情绪表现。结果发现个体的神经质特性对不同再构造条件下的阅读时间和各种假设情景之下的情绪变化都具有显著的影响,被试在积极构造的情景中情绪反应更强烈。本研究证明了行为与情绪的框架效应,并且揭示了再构造过程对行为和情绪影响的个体差异。     

高校教师人格特质、工作特征与工作满意度的关系研究

采用高校教师工作特征问卷、人格特质问卷、工作满意度问卷对400名高校教师进行调查。结果发现：（1）高校教师工作特征与工作满意度存在显著的正相关,工作特征中的多样性与工作本身、人际关系达到中度相关;工作特征中的完整性与工作满意度、重要性与工作满意度的五个维度均达到中度相关;工作特征中的自主性与薪酬待遇、进修提升、人际关系呈中度相关;工作特征中的反馈性与工作本身、薪酬待遇、进修提升、人际关系呈中度相关。（2）高校教师人格特质与工作满意度存在显著的正相关,人格特质中的外向性维度与进修提升呈中度相关;与领导管理呈     

A cross-culturally standardized set of pictures for younger and older adults: American and Chinese norms for name agreement,concept agreement,and familiarity

The present study presents normative measures for 260 line drawings of everyday objects, found in Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980), viewed by individuals in China and the United States. Within each cultural group, name agreement, concept agreement, and familiarity measures were obtained separately for younger adults and older adults. For a subset of 57 pictures (22%), there was equivalence in both name agreement and concept agreement, and for an additional subset of 29 pictures (11%), there was nonequivalent name agreement but equivalent concept agreement, across all culture-by-age groups. The data indicate substantial differences across culture-by-age groups in name agreement percentages and number of distinct name responses provided. We discovered significant differences between older and younger American adults in both name agreement percentages (67 pictures, or 26%) and concept agreement percentages (44 pictures, or 17%). Written naming responses collected for the entire set of Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures showed shifts in both naming and concept agreement percentages over the intervening decades: Although correlations in name agreement were strong (r = .71,p < .001) between our younger American samples and those of Snodgrass and Vanderwart, name agreement percentages have changed for a substantial proportion (33%) of the 260 pictures; moreover, 63% of the stimuli for which Snodgrass and Vanderwart reported concept agreement now appear to differ. We provide comprehensive comparison statistics and tests for both the present study and prior ones, finding differences across numerous item-level measures. The corpus of data suggests that substantial differences in all measures can be found across age as well as culture, so that unequivocal conclusions with respect to cross-cultural or age-related differences in cognition can be made only when appropriate stimuli are selected for studies. Data for all 260 pictures, for each of the four groups, and all supporting materials and tests are freely archived athttp://agingmind.cns.uiuc.edu/Pict Norms. The full set of these norms may be downloaded fromwwwpsychonomic.org/archive/.     

The lasting impression of chairman Mao: hyperfidelity of familiar-face memory

We examined the accuracy of a highly-familiar-face representation in memory. In experiment 1, a famous portrait of Chairman Mao was digitally altered in terms of the distance between his two eyes, two pixels at a time. Mainland Chinese adults were shown the original or altered photos, one at a time, and asked to determine whether each was that of Chairman Mao or altered. Eastern Asian and Caucasian participants, who were unfamiliar with Mao's photo, were shown simultaneously the original face paired with the altered ones and asked to determine whether the photos were identical. The Mainland Chinese participants' memory threshold approximated the perceptual discrimination threshold of the Eastern Asian and Caucasian participants. Experiments 2 and 3 ruled out that the result of experiment I was due to artifacts of photographic alteration. The findings of the present study suggest that our memory of a very familiar face is highly accurate, at least in terms of the interocular configuration. The accuracy is perhaps only limited by the perceptual resolution capacity of our visual system.     

蒙文通道学思想研究

蒙文通先生是蜀学发展过程中承先启后的大师,其道学思想无论在地域上还是在内容上,都具有博采各地众家之长的特色和优势。蒙先生根据其“古史三说”、“古族三分”、“文化三系”的理论,从先秦仙道三派考证,到道家南北二派辩析;从道家道教产生溯源,到上古民族地理甄微;从道家黄老学论演化,到道教“五阶三变”归纳;从重玄道论发掘开创,到道佛相互渗透阐释;从道学理学内在联系,到辑校道书发微钩沉。本文对蒙文通先生在上述研究领域不拘成说、不苟附和的创见作了系统的梳理和深入的阐释。