信度估计的γ系数

本文提出了信度估计的γ系数。与今天应用最广泛的α系数相比,γ系数较少受到被试样本特点的影响,更多地反映了测验受到误差因素影响的程度,因此,γ系数是更好的测验信度估计指标。     

一般社会情境中风险认知的实验研究

风险认知是一个新的研究领域,随着经济的发展应愈来愈受到重视。本研究在一般社会情境下,讨论了对46个风险因素的风险程度及风险特征的知觉;个性特征与风险认知的关系;群体的风险认知类型特征,以及各样本间的比较分析。研究结论提供了公众风险认知结构的初步轮廓。     

The effect of the physical versus mental presence of a high-powered person on consumers' healthy food choices

Consumers make distinct food choices when they see versus when they think about a powerful person. This research identifies two scenarios involving the presence of a high-powered other, physical presence versus mental presence, and examines the effect of the physical and mental presence of a high-powered other on consumers' healthy food choices. Conducting six experiments, we show that the physical presence of a high-powered other increases one's self-enhancement motivation and leads to healthier food choices, while the mental presence of a high-powered other increases one's perceived constraints and leads to unhealthy food choices. We also find that interpersonal closeness moderates the positive effect of the physical presence of a high-powered other on healthy food choices but does not moderate the negative effect of the mental presence of a high-powered other on healthy food choices.     

弘扬孟子仁政思想精华促进建设和谐小康社会

孟子继承发挥孔子仁学德治思想,提出以民为本的仁政学说,经剔除其封建糟粕,具超时代超阶级的积极意义.孟子仁政说中保民而王、亲亲仁民、与民同乐及制民之产以安民富民的思想,其积极意义、历史贡献须充分肯定,它对我们今天加强党风政风建设,促进加强社会主义政治文明精神文明建设,促进全面建设和谐小康社会,有现实意义,须大力弘扬.     

概念及概念结构研究新进展

近来有关归类和概念结构的研究与理论出现了两个方面的转变。第一个方面是从概念定义属性的假设 (经典观 )到概念表征属性的观点 (概率观 ) ;第二个方面是从概念以相似性组织的观点到概念围绕理论而组织的观点。本文综合概述了基于相似性和理论驱动的归类理论。     

科学家发现"长寿基因"

长寿不仅取决于良好的生活习惯,还取决于基因的作用。美国波士顿“衰老研究所”的科学家们,最近通过对137组长寿的兄弟姐妹(共300余人,年龄为91～108岁)的脱氧核糖核酸进行详尽比较和分析,发现长寿者身上果然具有与众不同的所谓“长寿基因”,而且还找到了这些“长寿基因”的大概位置。主持此项研究的波尔斯医生指出,百岁老人十分罕见,在人口中仅占万分之一,但当你在一个家族中发现竟有好几个百岁老人时,你就能相信:长寿不仅取决于培养良好的生活习惯,而且更取决于基因的作用。这就是说,“遗传优势”在决定一个人能活得较长时,起的往往是“主…     

青年人和老年人加工情绪图片过程中的注意偏向:眼动研究

利用眼动追踪技术,考察了老年人与青年人加工情绪图片过程中的注意偏向及再认成绩。给被试同时呈现积极、中性及消极情绪图片,分为注意和记忆两部分任务。基于线性混合模型的分析发现,与青年人相比,老年人表现出对积极图片更大的注意偏向,且在随后的再认过程中对积极情绪图片的再认正确率更高。结果支持了社会情绪选择理论,说明中国老年人同样存在“积极效应”,情绪加工过程中能够通过选择偏爱的积极情绪信息来适应老化。     

荀子隆礼重法的政治思想是对儒家德治思想的创新发展

荀子"化性起伪"."隆礼重法"的政治思想是建立在他的性恶的人性论基石上的。以礼为本、德法并举、德主刑辅、礼义教化与法律强制相辅相成,是他政治思想的核心内容,也是其对儒家德治思想的创新发展。剔除其封建糟粕,它对我们今天建设和谐小康社会仍可提供有益的启示。     

Millisecond-accurate synchronization of visual stimulus displays for cognitive research

A widely adopted approach in cognitive psychology research is to analyze changes in the response time to a stimulus onset in order to infer information about the cognitive functioning of a subject being tested. But current techniques have inherent variations in the timing between stimulus activation and stimulus display of up to tens of milliseconds, thereby introducing significant errors when response time or the latency of neural responses is measured. This article presents a novel yet easy-to-implement solution for improving resolution in the synchronizing of stimulus activation and stimulus display. Unlike traditional methods in which the stimulus onset is set as the time at which the routine for displaying the stimulus is called, this approach uses DirectX to monitor the scan line of CRTs and sets the stimulus onset to the time at which the scan line arrives at the position where the stimulus is to be drawn. This approach removes the uncertainty involved in having a time delay between the activation of the display routine and the actual time at which the display occurs, improving the accuracy of response time and latency period measurements to within 200 μsec. With a specially developed driver, this solution can generate a trigger signal synchronized precisely with the stimulus onset in all popular Windows systems (including Windows 2000/XP).     

Individual differences in utilizing control to cope with job demands: effects on susceptibility to infectious disease

This study examined the interactive effects of job demands, control, and individual characteristics on upper respiratory illnesses and immune function. Having high job control appeared to lessen the linkage between job demands and poor health among individuals with high self-efficacy and those who perceived that they were not often responsible for negative job outcomes. Conversely, having high job control exacerbated the association between job demands and poor health among inefficacious individuals. Implications for promoting more healthful work environments and facilitating employee coping are discussed.