不同回忆任务下小学生即时学习判断的准确性

学习判断是指对当前已经学习的项目在以后测验中成绩的预见性判断。本研究以小学五年级学生为被试,选取正向词对和反向词对为实验材料,考察不同回忆任务下小学生学习判断的准确性及偏差。研究发现,小学五年级学生的即时学习判断的准确性受到词对类型和回忆任务的影响:(1)小学生线索回忆任务下的学习判断中,正向词对的准确性较好,反向词对出现了高估,表现出了学习判断的预见偏差;(2)自由回忆任务下的学习判断中,两种词对都出现了显著的高估。研究结果丰富和细化了流畅性假说对学习判断加工机制的解释,并提出即时学习判断准确性的偏差是由于编码流畅性和提取流畅性的差异造成的。     

Repetition benefit in mental rotation is independent of stimulus repetition

In this study, we investigated whether there is a repetition benefit in mental rotation that is independent of stimulus repetition (i.e., due to increased efficiency in postencoding processing). Three experiments were conducted, in which different conditions of stimulus repetition (different letters on consecutive trials in Experiment 1, letters of different orientations on consecutive trials in Experiment 2, and priming of rotation direction in Experiment 3) were used, and the extent of repetition of rotation direction between two consecutive trials was manipulated. The results of all three experiments showed clear evidence of a repetition benefit without repeating the stimulus, suggesting that this effect is independent of stimulus repetition and lending support to the notion of increased efficiency in mental rotation as a result of repeated rotation direction per se.     

介入性超声在卵巢囊肿中的治疗价值

卵巢囊肿是妇科常见病变,囊肿体积增大压迫邻近脏器及结构时会引起相应的症状或功能障碍。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,超声介入治疗卵巢囊肿不失为操作简单、有效的微创性治疗手段。     

口腔种植诊疗实践中的思考

口腔种植现已经出现在人们的视线里,它具有一定的特殊性和优越性,能够解决常规修复手段不能解决的问题,然而在临床应用中,需要考虑和处理的问题往往很复杂.因此有必要在临床实践中运用辩证思维及循证医学的思想,在诊断中全面考虑、周密计划;在治疗中处理问题、解决难点;在随访中发现问题,促进发展.     

介入性超声在卵巢囊肿中的治疗价值

卵巢囊肿是妇科常见病变,囊肿体积增大压迫邻近脏器及结构时会引起相应的症状或功能障碍.近年来,越来越多的研究表明,超声介入治疗卵巢囊肿不失为操作简单、有效的微创性治疗手段.     

Exploration of the Pathways to Delinquency for Female Adolescents With Depression: Implications for Cross‐Systems Collaboration and Counseling

This study found that lack of involvement in prosocial institutions, affiliation with other troubled youth, and indifference regarding personal safety partially mediate the relationship between depression and delinquency among justice‐involved female adolescents. The results suggest that depression may not be the primary conduit to delinquency.     

认知老化中有意控制对自动抑制的调节作用

结合比例控制范式与基于空间位置的返回抑制范式, 探讨了认知老化过程中自上而下的有意认知控制对自动抑制的调节作用。结果表明, 当线索有效率由50%提升至80%时, 两组被试的返回抑制量均下降, 老年组表现为返回抑制消失, 但年轻组出现返回抑制的反转, 表明有意认知控制对自动抑制的调节作用受认知老化的影响而发生衰减。同时文章还就认知老化机制的新兴理论—— 执行衰退假说进行了讨论。     

掩蔽启动范式中的负相容效应——知觉阶段的交互还是反应阶段的抑制

掩蔽启动范式中, 当掩蔽刺激与目标刺激的时间间隔达到100~200ms时, 出现负相容效应。负相容效应是指相容条件的反应时大于不相容条件, 错误率高于不相容条件。目前主要有三种理论来解释负相容效应的发生机制, 分别是自我抑制理论、目标更新理论和掩蔽抑制理论。三种理论探讨了负相容效应发生的机制, 即负相容效应发生在知觉阶段还是反应阶段, 涉及自我引发抑制还是刺激引发抑制。有关负相容效应发生的机制还需进一步的探讨。