学生感知的学校氛围与主客观学业成绩:心理素质及其分维度的中介作用

本研究旨在探究心理素质及其分维度在学生感知的学校氛围与主客观学业成绩之间的中介作用。采用整群抽样的方法选取被试,样本一抽取北京、陕西等七个省市10所中学7~12年级共1274名学生,样本二抽取重庆、湖南等四个省市7所中学7~12年级共2190名学生。结果表明：（1）学生感知的学校氛围与主观学业成绩存在显著正相关,与客观成绩的正相关呈边缘显著,与心理素质存在显著正相关;（2）心理素质在感知的学校氛围与主客观学业成绩之间中介作用显著;（3）心理素质的不同维度在学生感知的学校氛围与学业成绩关系之间中介作用存在差异,其中认知品质在学生感知的学校氛围与学业成绩之间存在稳定的正向中介作用。研究结果启示教育者在实施素质教育的过程中,应注意营造积极的学校氛围,以此提高学生心理素质,尤其是认知品质的发展,从而提高学生的学业成绩。     

Depression in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

There is substantial uncertainty regarding the prevalence of depression in Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). We conducted a systematic review aiming to evaluate the association of pSS with depression. PubMed, Web of Science, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to find the published literatures (from these databases established to October 2016). Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the qualities of included studies were evaluated. The data was analyzed using Revman5.2 software. A total of 12 studies including 1917 patients were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, Severity of depression was assessed using psychometric measures, such as PHQ-9; HADS; CES-D; Zung depression scale and BDI. The result revealed that pSS was associated with an increased prevalence of depression (summary odds ratio (OR) = 5.36, 95% CI: 4.05–7.09, P < 0.01). The depression score in pSS patients (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.47, 95% CI: 0.81–2.12, P < 0.01) were higher than in the control group. Depression is highly prevalent in pSS than in healthy controls. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are therefore essential to reduce the negative impact of depression on the patient’s quality of life and outcome of their disease.     

Randomized single-blind multicenter trial comparing the effects of standard and augmented acupuncture protocols on sleep quality and depressive symptoms in patients with depression

The study was aimed to compare the effects of standard and augmented acupuncture on depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in patients with depression. This is a randomized, single-blind, multicenter trial. 140 subjects with clinical insomnia (score of ≥ 7 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)) were randomized to the standard (LI4, LIV3, EX-HN3, and GV20) or augmented (LI4, LIV3, EX-HN3, GV20, LU7, and KID6, including intradermal needles for sustained treatment) acupuncture groups. Participants received two sessions weekly for six weeks. In trial, The primary outcomes were improvements in PSQI and the Hamilton Rating Scale (HAMD). Secondary outcomes were treatment credibility and adverse events. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 3, end of treatment, and 4-week follow-up. From the 105 randomized patients, 89 completed the trial and were included in the final analyses. Better efficacy was observed in the augmented group compared with the standard acupuncture to improve the PSQI and HAMD at week 3, end of treatment, and 4-week follow-up (all p < .05). The HAMD scores improved with time, except between end of treatment and 4-week follow-up, while in the standard group, HAMD scored improved from baseline to week 3, and stopped improving thereafter. The PSQI scores improved with time in the two groups, except between end of treatment and 4-week follow-up. Compared with the standard protocol, the augmented acupuncture protocol had a better efficacy to treat depression and to improve sleep quality of patients with depression.     

The factors associated with geriatric depression in rural China: stratified by household structure

Depressive symptoms and empty nest phenomenon of rural elderly people are both important public health issues, which should not be ignored. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors of the empty nest elderly in rural China. We recruited 3182 eligible subjects and gathered data by face-to-face interview. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the related factors of depressive symptoms. The present study showed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms significantly differed between empty nest old adults and non-empty nesters (24.1% vs. 19.0%). The elderly living alone had highest OR of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms of empty nest elderly was associated with sleep quality, economic status, pain, social support and ADL. While it was associated with gender, economic status, pain and PSMS in non-empty nest group. Number of chronic disease showed significant associations with depressive symptoms in the elderly living alone. Subjective support, support utilization and pain were positively associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly living with spouse. Sleep quality, economic status and ADL were common factors. Depressive symptoms obviously prevail among empty nest elderly than non-empty nesters. It reminded us that complementary social support from family and society is essential.     

Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with negatively variable impacts on domains of sleep disturbances: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep disturbances are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the features of sleep disturbances are not well understood. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of SLE on specific sleep quality domains and to determine its prevalence and associations. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the sleep outcomes of individuals with SLE and healthy controls. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science CNKI, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to find the published literatures (from these databases established to May 2017). Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the qualities of included studies were evaluated. The data was analyzed using Revman5.3 software. Score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scoring system was used as the outcome measurement, and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Five studies were included, including 350 SLE and 1396 healthy controls. A total of 5 studies including 827 patients were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, each domain of the PSQI score: subjective sleep quality (MD, .58; 95% CI, .26, .89), sleep latency(MD, .47; 95% CI, .21, .73), sleep duration (MD, .36; 95% CI, .13, .58), habitual sleep efficiency (MD, .58; 95% CI, .32, .84),sleep disorders (MD, .56; 95% CI, .34, .77), use of sleep medication (MD, .56; 95% CI, .33, .80), daytime dysfunction (MD, .57; 95% CI, .11, 1.04) and the global score (MD, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.37, 5.80) were higher in SLE women than healthy controls. Furthermore, subjective sleep quality and habitual sleep efficiency were most severely affected especially. It demonstrated that targeted interventions should be done to improve their sleep quality. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are essential to reduce the negative impact of sleep disturbances on the patient’s sleep quality and outcome of their disease.     

《中国青少年心理健康素质调查表》的区分效度研究

采用《中国青少年心理健康素质调查表》调查了天津市425名正常和115名有心理问题大学生的心理健康素质,结果表明：正常组大学生的人际素质、个性素质、自我、应对风格和适应等分量表得分都高于有心理问题组大学生且具有显著差异,而动力系统、认知风格、归因风格分量表得分差异不显著。比较分析研究结果说明《中国青少年心理健康素质调查表》在区分正常和有心理问题大学生的心理健康素质方面可靠、有效。     

Illustration of Multilevel Explanatory IRT Model DIF Testing with the Creative Thinking Scale

Creativity has been well studied in the past several decades, and numerous measures have been developed to assess creativity. However, validity evidence associated with each measure is often mixed. In particular, the social consequence aspect of validity has received little attention. This is partly due to the difficulty of testing for differential item functioning (DIF) within the traditional classical test theory framework, which still remains the most popular approach to assessing creativity. Hence, this study provides an example of examining differential item functioning using multilevel explanatory item response theory models. The Creative Thinking Scale was tested for DIF in a sample of 1043 10th–12th graders. Results revealed significant uniform and non-uniform DIF for some items. Differentially functioning items are able to produce measurement bias and should be either deleted or modeled. The detailed implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.     

积极怀旧情绪对疼痛共情影响的ERP研究

采用ERP技术比较积极怀旧情绪诱发组被试和中性情绪组被试在判断疼痛/非疼痛图片刺激时的疼痛共情反应,探讨积极怀旧情绪对个体疼痛共情加工的影响及其电生理学机制。结果发现,在P2成分和晚期的P3成分上,积极怀旧情绪下的疼痛图片比中性情绪下的疼痛图片诱发了更大的波幅。疼痛图片比非疼痛图片诱发更大的P2、N2、P3及400～600 ms正成分的波幅。结果表明积极怀旧情绪的诱发促进个体对疼痛刺激的加工和共情。     

从一个问卷调查中分析中国青少年科学精神教育的现状

2003年5月～2004年3月,中国无神论学会对北京市青少年进行了一次科学精神教育现状的问题调查。它让我们思考了几个问题:为什么要进行这个调查?调查的结果说明了什么?科学精神教育距离中国青少年有多远?调查的背景和目的