积极怀旧情绪对疼痛共情影响的ERP研究

采用ERP技术比较积极怀旧情绪诱发组被试和中性情绪组被试在判断疼痛/非疼痛图片刺激时的疼痛共情反应,探讨积极怀旧情绪对个体疼痛共情加工的影响及其电生理学机制。结果发现,在P2成分和晚期的P3成分上,积极怀旧情绪下的疼痛图片比中性情绪下的疼痛图片诱发了更大的波幅。疼痛图片比非疼痛图片诱发更大的P2、N2、P3及400～600 ms正成分的波幅。结果表明积极怀旧情绪的诱发促进个体对疼痛刺激的加工和共情。     

空间活动问卷的修订及信效度检验

为了得到适用于中国文化背景的空间活动问卷,本研究以2988名大学生为对象,对Cherney和Voyer（2010）开发的空间活动问卷进行修订。根据多元方差分析和探索性因素分析结果,得到了能够反映游戏活动的空间成分和性别偏好的8个因素。进一步缩减条目得到了25题的中文版空间活动问卷,包含5个维度,分别是男性化的–空间的、男性化的–非空间的、女性化的–空间的、女性化的–非空间的和中性化的–空间的。验证性因素分析结果支持精简后所得到的5因素模型,信效度指标良好。中文版空间活动问卷因素结构清晰合理,是未来相关领域研究的可靠测量工具。     

优化乙肝治疗方案真实评价治疗效果

目前乙肝治疗比较混乱,给患者带来许多损失,优化乙肝治疗方案,是从患者病情出发,实施个体化治疗,目标是安全、有效、经济和适度,处于抗病毒最佳时机的患者可以考虑使用干扰素或拉米夫定;乙肝病毒携带者暂时禁止使用药物治疗;急性乙肝只给与基本治疗,待其自愈.实施优化方案,杜绝各种各样的商业广告;凡是尝试性治疗,一律按照新药临床验证程序进行,一律实行免费.治疗乙肝的疗效最终取决于持久、完全效应,不应局限在病毒阴转或肝功正常上.     

国外自我表露研究述评

自我表露是社会心理学、临床咨询和治疗的重要概念之一。主要介绍了自我表露的概念,静态的现象或动态的过程;描述性与评价性自我表露或正向与负向自我表露类型;自我表露的功能;社会渗透理论、压抑理论、沟通隐私管理理论等相关理论及主要测量方法。早期研究主要集中在主题、目标人、性别差异及自我表露与孤独感、亲密友谊的关系等方面,AIDS/HIV表露、儿童性侵犯表露、情绪表露和创伤表露等现实社会问题的表露成为近几年研究的焦点。扩展自我表露的概念,进一步深入研究青少年自我表露以及完善和发展自我表露的研究工具是未来的研究趋向     

我国同情用药制度的国际比较及优化路径研究

总结同情用药制度的国际经验,依据我国国情进一步完善中国的同情用药制度。运用文献研究、比较研究方法,将我国与国际同情用药制度内容进行对比分析。结果显示我国与国外一些国家的同情用药制度在体制建设和内容规范等方面存在差异,美国、欧盟的制度发展较早,体系相对完善;日本与我国制度发展时间接近,均以欧美为参考范本进行本土化创新。并提出细化相关标准、鼓励医保介入、简化申请流程、发挥中医药优势的制度建议,促进我国同情用药制度优化建设。

     

论道德作为一种生产力——兼评王小锡教授对“道德生产力”问题的探讨

\"道德生产力\"与\"道德资本\"是两个相互关联的经济伦理学概念,后者是前者合乎逻辑推进的结果,王小锡教授在这两个领域作了诸多积极有益的探讨,丰富了我国经济伦理学的知识理论体系.在理论上阐明\"道德生产力\"的道德闲限及其生产力特性,并在此基础上厘清\"道德生产力\"研究的应有理路是十分必要的,它有助于促进\"道德资本\"研究的拓展和深入,推动我国经济伦理学的建设和发展.     

触觉的情绪功能及其神经生理机制

触觉是个体探知外部世界的重要感觉通道,其情绪功能在维系社会联结、促进人际沟通等方面具有重要作用。触觉的情绪功能一方面表现为通过触觉动作本身直接传递情绪信息,另一方面则是通过增强注意和锐化社会评价的方式促进个体对跨通道情绪信息的加工。神经生理学研究发现,触觉情绪信息由无髓鞘C纤维介导,经脊髓丘脑束通路投射于岛叶(头面部触觉情绪信息的传导路径尚不明确),并在杏仁核、内侧前额叶、后颞上沟等\"社会脑\"网络的核心区域被精细加工。未来还应对触觉情绪的人际依赖性、文化独特性、操作标准化,及其在神经水平上与感觉-辨识系统间的关联性与独立性做深入探究。     

Chinese–English bilinguals processing temporal–spatial metaphor

The conceptual projection of time onto the domain of space constitutes one of the most challenging issues in the cognitive embodied theories. In Chinese, spatial order (e.g., “大树前”/da shu qian/, in front of a tree) shares the same terms with temporal sequence (三月前”, /san yue qian/, before March). In comparison, English natives use different sets of prepositions to describe spatial and temporal relationship, i.e., “before” to express temporal sequencing and “in front of” to express spatial order. The linguistic variations regarding the specific lexical encodings indicate that some flexibility might be available in how space–time parallelisms are formulated across different languages. In the present study, ERP (Event-related potentials) data were collected when Chinese–English bilinguals processed temporal ordering and spatial sequencing in both their first language (L1) Chinese (Experiment 1) and the second language (L2) English (Experiment 2). It was found that, despite the different lexical encodings, early sensorimotor simulation plays a role in temporal sequencing processing in both L1 Chinese and L2 English. The findings well support the embodied theory that conceptual knowledge is grounded in sensory-motor systems (Gallese and Lakoff, Cogn Neuropsychol 22:455–479, 2005). Additionally, in both languages, neural representations during comprehending temporal sequencing and spatial ordering are different. The time–spatial relationship is asymmetric, in that space schema could be imported into temporal sequence processing but not vice versa. These findings support the weak view of the Metaphoric Mapping Theory.     

Inconsistent Condom Use and History of Trauma Among Vietnamese Female Sex Workers in a Chinese Border Region

Previous studies have indicated a potential association between trauma, such as physical violence, emotional violence and sexual violence, and high-risk sexual behavior. Female sex workers (FSWs) were interviewed to elicit history of traumatic events and sexual behaviors. Among 187 participants, 79 (42.2 %) inconsistently used condoms with clients in the past 30 days. Experiencing community violence (OR: 0.4; 95 % CI: 0.2, 0.8) was found to be significantly protective for inconsistent condom use. In this study, experiencing community violence was found to be protective for inconsistent condom use among FSWs, but none of the other trauma subgroups had significant associations with inconsistent condom use. Reasons for unprotected sex among FSW may be more related to economic or other contextual factors.     

Depression in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

There is substantial uncertainty regarding the prevalence of depression in Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). We conducted a systematic review aiming to evaluate the association of pSS with depression. PubMed, Web of Science, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to find the published literatures (from these databases established to October 2016). Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the qualities of included studies were evaluated. The data was analyzed using Revman5.2 software. A total of 12 studies including 1917 patients were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, Severity of depression was assessed using psychometric measures, such as PHQ-9; HADS; CES-D; Zung depression scale and BDI. The result revealed that pSS was associated with an increased prevalence of depression (summary odds ratio (OR) = 5.36, 95% CI: 4.05–7.09, P < 0.01). The depression score in pSS patients (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.47, 95% CI: 0.81–2.12, P < 0.01) were higher than in the control group. Depression is highly prevalent in pSS than in healthy controls. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are therefore essential to reduce the negative impact of depression on the patient’s quality of life and outcome of their disease.