Interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting in crossmodal attention

Using a cue-target paradigm, we investigated the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting in cross-modal attention. A peripheral (exogenous) cue was presented after a central (endogenous) cue with a variable time interval. The endogenous and exogenous cues were presented in one sensory modality (auditory in Experiment 1 and visual in Experiment 2) whereas the target was presented in another modality. Both experiments showed a significant endogenous cuing effect (longer reaction times in the invalid condition than in the valid condition). However, exogenous cuing produced a facilitatory effect in both experiments in response to the target when endogenous cuing was valid, but it elicited a facilitatory effect in Experiment 1 and an inhibitory effect in Experiment 2 when endogenous cuing was invalid. These findings indicate that endogenous and exogenous cuing can co-operate in orienting attention to the crossmodal target. Moreover, the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting of attention is modulated by the modality between the cue and the target.     

决策者角色及相关变量对风险偏好的影响

采用IAT技术测查被试的内隐自尊, 并引入收益和损失两种任务框架, 综合探讨了内隐自尊水平、任务得失框架对自我决策和为他人决策时风险偏好的影响。结果发现：(1)在收益框架下, 被试为他人决策时更冒险, 而在损失框架下, 为自我和他人决策的风险偏好无显著差异; (2)与为自我决策相比, 低内隐自尊者为他人决策时更冒险, 而高内隐自尊者为自我和他人决策的风险偏好无显著差异; (3)内隐自尊水平与任务框架的交互作用及内隐自尊水平、任务框架和决策者角色之间的三级交互作用均不显著。依据相关的理论和发现对这种结果进行了分析和讨论。     

身体形式和社会环境对SNARC效应的影响:基于具身认知观的理解

目前SNARC效应在认知心理学领域得到了广泛研究,然而较少有研究考察身体形式和社会环境对SNARC效应的影响.研究以127名在校大学生为被试,使用奇偶判断任务、Go/No-go任务以及合作情境下的Go/No-go任务依次展开了三个研究,拟揭示身体形式和社会环境对SNARC效应的影响.实验一要求被试双手完成奇偶判断任务,结果出现了经典的SNARC效应.实验二要求被试完成Go/No-go任务,并让被试单手(左手或右手)对奇数或偶数进行反应,结果SNARC效应没有出现,这表明认知主体的身体形式对SNARC效应产生了影响.实验三要求被试合作完成Go/No-go任务,该实验按照被试所坐的位置(左边和右边)和反应手(左手和右手),设计了四个条件,结果只有身体位置和反应手完全一致时出现了 SNARC 效应.以上结果一方面表明了具身认知观的合理性,另外一方面扩展了以往对SNARC效应本质的理解.     

疼痛的心理学研究

心理学对疼痛的研究已经进行了几十年,成果颇丰。众多的研究已经证实了疼痛与基本心理过程之间的相互关系,包括注意、情绪、动机和记忆。除了基本心理过程外,社会因素也能够调节疼痛,如社会排斥、信仰、音乐、虚拟情境、金钱和权利等。已有疼痛研究中的疼痛测量方法过于主观,并且疼痛调节因素在临床中缺乏实践价值。当前疼痛研究呈现与具身思潮相结合的趋势,未来应更加重视发掘调节疼痛的社会因素。     

华严学与易学关系之蠡测(之一)——清凉澄观及其著述之例

佛学与易学的关系是佛教在中国发展过程中与本土思想文化深入交融比较深刻的一个方面。本文尝试由义理和思想发展脉络作为问题探讨的切入途径,以相关问题比较突出的华严学说与易学的关系作为重点研究方面; 其中,又以华严四祖清凉澄观著作中引用《周易》的线索作为个案,审视和分析了其华严注疏中引用《周易》的目的、作用及其特点; 认为澄观之用《易》,无所谓以易解经,主要是在本质的义理相通及义理比较意义上的借语。     

Social,Religious and Spiritual Capital and Physical/Emotional Functioning in a National Sample of African Americans

Spiritual and religious capital are forms of the broader construct of social capital. The present study, using probability‐based sampling methods, surveyed a national sample of African American adults to examine the relative contributions of spiritual and religious capital to their physical and emotional functioning. Analyses were conducted to determine if these constructs made a unique contribution above and beyond general social capital. African American men and women (N = 803) were interviewed by telephone. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that, across the full sample, although social capital was a positive predictor of physical and emotional functioning (p < .05 and p < .001), neither religious nor spiritual capital made an additional contribution to these outcomes. However, the relationships among these variables differed for men and women. Among men, social capital predicted positive emotional functioning (p < .001) but not physical functioning; spiritual and religious capital made no additional contribution to either outcome variable. Among women, social capital predicted positive emotional functioning (p < .01) but not physical functioning. However, religious capital did make a significant additional contribution to the prediction of emotional functioning (ΔR², p < .01). Dividing the sample into different age groups did not produce any different findings from those found with the sample as a whole. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for church‐ and faith‐based health promotion interventions aimed at health disparities reduction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

肝癌时间生物学研究的启示

在临床一线工作中发现肝癌病人就诊率有一定的时间现象,而在时间生物学理论启发下开拓了肝癌时间生物学研究的创新思路,体会到新科学理论是一把开启科学思维的金钥匙,但还必须善于用在科学实践上。在“对立统一”哲学原理的启发下,根据爱因斯坦“弯曲时空”原理找到气候差异很大的不同经纬度区域的肝癌临床时间生物学特征是否为同一性的论证方法。根据“对立统一”哲学原理,对肝癌细胞内正/负向癌基因进行对应表达实验研究,探索肝癌时间生物学特征的分子机制。对肝癌时间生物学研究最终目标进行了哲理性思考。     

论英美医事法立法体系

我国现阶段的有关医疗方面的法律、法规,在整个医疗卫生活动中起到了规范和制约的作用,但仍不完善.了解国外医事立法的历史和现状,有利于我国医事立法工作的开展.从英美法系医事立法出发,对英美法系的医事立法进行讲解和论述,从而起到借鉴的作用.     

发展微创外科技术方略的探讨

现代微创外科技术是最近20多年发展起来的一个新技术领域,代表了外科的发展方向,为传统外科技术注入了新的活力,具有广阔的发展前景.一个新技术的出现必然面临一系列新的问题,从医院管理的角度出发,对微创外科的发展策略、人才培养、资源配置、医疗安全管理和技术创新进行宏观管理是十分必要的.     

跨越时空的心灵碰撞--读《反理性主义的意义:庄子和克尔凯郭尔的宗教思想》

庄子与克尔凯郭尔,他们之间何以会有、又有着怎样的关系呢?由两位美国学者通力合作完成的《反理性主义的意义:庄子和克尔凯郭尔的宗教思想》在“反理性主义”的旗帜之下,让生活在人类历史的“轴心时期”的中国思想家庄子与19世纪的丹麦宗教思想家克尔凯郭尔彼此相遇了。他们中的一位是汉学研究家伊万霍(Philip J.Ivanhoe),另一位是克尔凯郭尔研究专家卡尔(Karen L.Carr)。作为一个以汉语思想为背景从事克尔凯郭尔研究的中国学者,我认为,该书在理解庄子和克尔凯郭尔各自的思想特征及其深层的文化和心理差异方面显示出了比较研究的若干优势…