大学生认知灵活性问卷的修订及初步使用

修订Martin等人编制的认知灵活性问卷并对我国大学生的认知灵活性进行测量。首先对366名大学生预测;然后对300名大学生正式测试;并对240名大学生进行效标效度研究;另外对785名大学生初步使用该问卷。结果表明：（1）中文修订版大学生认知灵活性问卷的项目区分度、Cronbachα系数、重测信度、结构效度和效标效度等心理测量学指标良好,可作为我国大学生认知灵活性的研究工具。（2）有社会实践经验大学生的认知灵活性显著高于无社会实践经验大学生;文科女生的认知灵活性显著高于理科女生。     

Comparative study of different welding wires on T92 welded joints

ABSTRACT

A comparative study of the effect of two different welding wires (W2 and Thermanit MTS-616 welding wire W1) on T92 welded joints has been made. Both wires showed good weldability and no defects in the welds were found. The hardness of the welded joint using W2 wire was lower than using W1. The toughness and high temperature (600°C) strength of the weld using W2 wire were higher than those using W1. The two welding wires produce joints having little difference in plasticity at room and high temperature. Large pores in both joints are related to the second phase of the larger particles in the matrix. The second phase of particles in the matrix easily caused cracks, which is unfavourable for the improvement of plasticity. Precipitation of the second phase of large particles in the matrix should be minimised for optimised welds.     

What we remember and what we tell: The effects of culture and self-priming on memory representations and narratives

Two experiments were conducted to explore culture and self-priming effects on memories of Caucasian and Asian American adults (N = 526). In the experimental conditions, either the collective or private self was primed prior to retrieval. Participants then described their earliest childhood memories (Study 1) or recalled a fictional story (Study 2). Systematic cultural differences in memory content were obtained across both memory tasks, independent of priming conditions. Caucasians tended to recall specific, one-moment-in-time events that focused on the individual as the central character. Asians tended to provide memories of general, routine events centring on collective activities and social interactions. Priming effects also emerged: memory content reflected the particular aspect of the self being primed. Findings are discussed in light of the interactive relation between memory representations and memory narratives and the role culture plays in remembering.     

Is the future always brighter than the past? Anticipation of changes in the personal future after recall of past experiences

People tend to hold an optimistic view of their futures. Using a novel paradigm to examine the anticipated change from the personal past to the personal future, we found that the future was not always perceived as brighter than the past. College students (N = 156) recalled positive and negative personal events of various situations. Following each recall, they imagined a future personal event involving the same situation. Participants expected over half of the events to change in either upward or downward directions, depending on the valence of the past events. In addition, participants anticipated greater changes in domains of less stability, and Asians anticipated greater changes than European Americans. Anticipated future changes were further associated with psychological well-being. The findings shed new light on future event simulation.     

Web2.0环境中顾客参与的实现型快乐感形成机制

随着以用户间交互为特征的Web 2.0理念的深入发展,顾客期望借助互联网参与到价值的生产与创造过程中,以期通过自我潜能发挥和自我价值展示寻求获得一种有别于享乐型快乐感的实现型快乐感.以往顾客参与研究大多关注其经济利益、如何管理、影响因素、获得的实际利益,而对于顾客参与过程中的心理机制和参与后的心理收获研究不多.本研究以互联网为背景,从顾客视角出发,科学采用实验、实证等多种方法,并尝试采用生理仪器(如多导仪、脑电核磁共振仪等)采集顾客行为和生理的客观数据,利用自我决定理论对顾客参与过程的心理反应和参与后的心理收获进行系统探讨,构建顾客参与过程的心理动态模型.     

Chinese Corporate Social Responsibility by Multiple Objective Portfolio Selection and Genetic Algorithms

In this paper, we study corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China through the prism of investments. We work with large stocks and assess their CSR performance from agency CSR data. We formulate Chinese CSR by a multiple objective extension of a traditional portfolio selection model and analytically solve the extension. We also solve the extension by a genetic algorithm and directly evaluate the algorithm's performance against the analytical solution. The multiple objective formulation is tested by randomly choosing nondominated portfolios with out‐of‐sample data to identify nondominated portfolios that outperform the 1/n portfolio (equally weighted portfolio). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于在和谐社会构建中发挥宗教积极作用的思考

中国共产党在同一时间点上提出转变经济发展方式和积极作用论,不会是偶然的。对此本文提出三点思考:一是积极作用论是否是马克思主义宗教观?二是怎样对宗教作定义性理解?三是如何发挥宗教的积极作用?     

如何唤起和缓解重大损失情绪—— 来自行为和脑成像的证据

本研究在没有真实伤害的情况下研究重大损失情绪及相应的脑机制。通过一系列行为和脑成像实验, 研究者们摸索出了可靠诱发重大损失情绪的范式, 并从对比效应和金钱补偿角度初步探讨了缓解这种情绪的方法。研究发现, 由于自我防御机制的存在, 抑制了被迫接受条件下重大损失情绪的唤起, 但却成功唤起了被迫选择条件下重大损失的情绪。此外, 研究还发现, 金钱补偿和对比效应都是缓解重大损失情绪的有效策略。本研究不仅有利于认识重大损失情绪的信息加工机制, 而且也为涉及重大损失情绪的心理咨询和保险理赔制度等提供了行为和脑成像证据。     

碳氢共价键结构式正误样例组合的学习效果

为考察错误样例在样例组合学习中的作用,以烃类物质碳氢共价键结构式为实验材料,以高中一年级学生为被试,对正确和错误样例组合的学习效果进行了实验。结果显示,正、误样例组合的学习成绩显著优于正确样例组合的学习成绩。在正、误样例组合的学习中,正、误样例数量相等的学习成绩明显优于数量不等的学习成绩;“对比”呈现正、误样例的学习成绩明显优于“分块”呈现正、误样例的学习成绩。