信息呈现顺序对公平判断形成的影响

在公平启发理论的基础上,以130名大学生为被试采用实验室实验探讨了信息呈现顺序对公平判断形成的影响。结果表明：（1）信息呈现顺序能够影响人们的公平判断——当结果适宜性信息更早获得时,结果公平对公平判断的影响要大于结果适宜性信息较晚呈现时的影响;（2）公平形式偏好对公平判断的信息效应具有调节作用,即当高偏好信息先于低偏好信息出现时,公平判断的顺序效应会得到加强;而在低偏好信息先于高偏好信息出现的情况下,公平判断的顺序效应会被减弱。     

Response readiness modulates the development of association-based automaticity in masked priming

The current study investigated the role of the automatization of stimulus and response (S-R) associations and response readiness in triggering the motor activation for masked primes in two experiments. The automatization of associations was manipulated by employing different types of stimuli, and response readiness was manipulated by varying the relative frequency of Go trials in a modified Go/No-Go task. Compatibility (compatible and incompatible), stimulus type (arrows and parallel lines), and test session (Sessions 1, 2, and 3) were manipulated in a high response-readiness condition (Experiment 1) and in a low response-readiness condition (Experiment 2). Negative compatibility effects (NCEs) occurred regardless of session and experiment in the arrow stimuli condition. However, in the parallel-line stimuli condition, no significant compatibility effect (CE) appeared regardless of the experiment in Sessions 1 and 2, whereas a significant NCE appeared in Experiment 1 but not in Experiment 2 in Session 3. These results are consistent with the claim that motor activation can only occur if the association between specific stimuli and specific responses has been automatized by previous practice, and response readiness can modulate the development of automaticity, but this modulation will have a minimal effect once the association is automatized. The findings also provide experimental evidence for the assumption that the formation of association-based automaticity could be modulated by top-down control (e.g., response readiness).     

印度古代宗教中的神的观念

本文对印度古代哲学中的神的观念进行了专门研究.作者对印度最早的宗教历史文献--吠陀中的神的观念的主要形态进行了描述,对印度社会中影响最大的婆罗门教(印度教)的神的观念进行了探讨,并对神在印度宗教哲学中的地位进行了分析.认为印度的宗教在东方文化中占有显要的地位,而古代印度人的神的观念又是其宗教理论中的基本内容.     

宗教心理学视阈下的詹姆斯“中介项”评述

宗教经验是宗教意识的主要内容之一,而宗教意识则是宗教心理学着重研究的对象。本文梳理了詹姆斯机能心理学派借助潜意识"中介项"理论,阐释宗教经验的历程,他认为潜意识这个人神相通的"中介项"是宗教神学的"亲密的伙伴",是宗教与科学对话的有效途径。     

阿富汗宗教公民社会的角色和功能

本文以公民社会理论为视角,结合阿富汗的本土情况,考察了在阿富汗战后重建进程中本土公民社会组织诸角色的状况。重点分析了乌玛、毛拉、清真寺在阿富汗社会发展中的角色及其资金来源。并指出其具有社会凝聚、公众交流、调解、中介以及社会资源再分配等功能。最后,具体分析了阿富汗宗教公民社会诸角色与政府及其他国际组织之间的关系。     

What we remember and what we tell: the effects of culture and self-priming on memory representations and narratives

Two experiments were conducted to explore culture and self-priming effects on memories of Caucasian and Asian American adults (N=526). In the experimental conditions, either the collective or private self was primed prior to retrieval. Participants then described their earliest childhood memories (Study 1) or recalled a fictional story (Study 2). Systematic cultural differences in memory content were obtained across both memory tasks, independent of priming conditions. Caucasians tended to recall specific, one-moment-in-time events that focused on the individual as the central character. Asians tended to provide memories of general, routine events centering on collective activities and social interactions. Priming effects also emerged: memory content reflected the particular aspect of the self being primed. Findings are discussed in light of the interactive relation between memory representations and memory narratives and the role culture plays in remembering.     

“天下”思维与全球化时代人类的世界责任观

“天下”思维是超越民族／国家思维的新思维范式。以此出发对全球化时代的世界理念和世界制度进行创造性建构。“天下”思维在当今全球化时代的价值意义,主要在于拓展与刷新了人们认识和把握世界的思维视域,从思维范式革命的意义上启发人类创建新的世界观。“天下;’思雏蕴含着全球化时代人类对建构“和谐世界”与“世界责任”的创想：需要超越个体本位思维与民彬国家思维,实现“从世界去思考”真正达到“以天下观天下”。从“天下”思维出发,就要求人类建构保证世界和谐发展和能够对世界负责的世界责任观。     

Positive and negative emotions modulate attention allocation in color-flanker task processing: Evidence from event related potentials

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of emotions in conflict processing. Behavioral and event related potential (ERP) data were acquired from twenty participants while they were performing a color-flanker task, in which the stimuli were emotional and neutral words. Through temporal principal component analysis (PCA) of ERP, three PCA components were extracted with their time windows mapped to three ERP components: N1, N2 and P3. Further analysis revealed, when the stimuli were the positive words, N1 was marginally greater for the congruent condition than for the incongruent condition (p = .06); while the stimuli were the negative words, N1 was greater for the incongruent condition than for the congruent condition (p = .02); however, no significant interaction effect involving the valence of words (positive vs. negative) and the color congruency (congruent vs. incongruent) was found on N2, P3 and the behavior data. The result suggested that negative emotion might lead to more attention allocation in the incongruent processing, while positive emotion might lead to more attention allocation in the congruent processing. Furthermore, ERP source analysis in the present study confirmed anterior cingulate cortex was involved in the conflict monitoring mechanism.     

弯曲时空理论与生物体DNA双螺旋结构

对爱因斯坦的"弯曲时空"理论与生物体DNA双螺旋结构的相关性进行了哲理性思考:控制生命时间程序的生物钟基因编码及调控细胞分裂的正、负向基因对应表达的严格时间程序,在DNA双螺旋结构上可能具有"时空弯曲"的原理.地球上不同经纬度地区的时间流行病学特征应该具有相对同时性.     

心理学视角下的失业和再就业研究

失业是指在一个人愿意并有能力为获取报酬而工作,但尚未找到工作的状况。失业问题一直困扰着世界各国的经济和社会发展。本文系统梳理了心理学视角下的失业和再就业研究,描述了失业对个体的消极影响及其机制,分析了个体因素、工作信息来源、求职过程及歧视等对成功再就业的影响,整理了加速再就业的措施。未来的研究应进一步深化求职质量的研究、关注心理学视角下特殊群体的失业和再就业研究、并进一步加强本土化的研究。