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881.
Multinomialprocessing tree (MPT) models are in wide use as measurement models for analyzing categorical data in cognitive
experiments. The approach involves estimating parameters and conducting hypothesis tests involving parameters that are arrayed
in a tree structure designed to represent latent cognitive processes. The standard inference algorithm for these models is
based on the well-known expectationmaximization (EM) algorithm. On the basis of the original use of the EMalgorithm for MPT
models, this article presents an approach that accelerates the convergence speed of the algorithm by (1) adjusting suitable
initial positions for certain parameters to reduce required iterative times and (2) using a series of operations between/among
a set of matrices that are specific to the original model structure and information to reduce the time required for a single
iteration. As compared with traditional algorithms, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has superior efficiency
in interpreted languages and also has better algorithm readability and structure flexibility. 相似文献
882.
人们熟知的零假设显著性检验,受到一次次质疑与辩护,地位并未动摇,报告检验结果仍然是统计分析的习惯做法。不过,其局限性促使研究者探寻更多的统计方法如区间估计、效应量分析、检验力分析等。本文先介绍假设检验与置信区间的关系;然后讨论检验力与两类错误率和效应量的关系;最后在理顺上述统计方法的基础上,提供一个可操作的统计分析流程。 相似文献
883.
采用城市低龄老年人社会支持问卷、老年人心理健康问卷、城市低龄老年人需要问卷对738名城市低龄老年人进行施测,考察需要社会支持、需要满足状况对城市低龄老年人的心理健康关系机制。结果表明:城市低龄老年人的需要满足状况和社会支持同时影响其心理健康。具体而言,人际需要满足状况和亲情需要满足状况分别对关爱支持和心理健康起到了部分中介效应,人际需要满足状况、亲情需要满足状况认知需要满足状况和价值需要满足状况分别对指导支持和心理健康起到了部分中介效应。 相似文献
884.
885.
Growing international research interest in negative-leadership behaviors prompts the need to examine whether measures of ineffective leadership developed in the United States are equivalent across countries outside the United States. B. J. Tepper's (2000) abusive supervision measure has been used widely inside and outside the United States and merits research attention on its construct equivalence across different cultural settings. The authors conducted a series of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses to investigate the measurement equivalence of this measure across Taiwan (N = 256) and the United States (N = 389). Configural invariance was established, suggesting that both U.S. and Taiwanese samples perceive abusive supervision as a single-factor concept. Furthermore, the establishment of partial metric invariance and partial scalar invariance suggests that the abusive supervision measure is applicable to crosscultural comparisons in latent means, construct variance, construct covariances, and unstandardized path coefficients with the caution that workers from different cultures calibrate their responses differently when answering some items. 相似文献
886.
To reproduce the duration of an event precisely, one needs to represent the temporal information without being influenced by other magnitude attributes (e.g., size) of the event. In the present study, however, task-irrelevant numerical magnitude automatically affected participants' reproduction of the duration of a stimulus. In Experiment 1, participants made key-press responses to reproduce the duration of numbers. Reproduced durations were shorter for small numbers (e.g., 1) than for large numbers (e.g., 9). In contrast, in Experiment 2, participants' reproductions of a standard duration were longer when their key-press response was accompanied by visual presentation of a small number than when it was accompanied by presentation of a large number. These results clearly demonstrate that number-time interference extends beyond simple mapping between stimulus categories and response alternatives. The findings support the notion that either a common magnitude representation or closely connected magnitude representations underlie numerical and temporal processing. 相似文献
887.
In laboratory experiments, infants are sensitive to patterns of visual features that co-occur (e.g., Fiser & Aslin, 2002). Once infants learn the statistical regularities, however, what do they do with that knowledge? Moreover, which patterns do infants learn in the cluttered world outside of the laboratory? Across 4 experiments, we show that 9-month-olds use this sensitivity to make inferences about object properties. In Experiment 1, 9-month-old infants expected co-occurring visual features to remain fused (i.e., infants looked longer when co-occurring features split apart than when they stayed together). Forming such expectations can help identify integral object parts for object individuation, recognition, and categorization. In Experiment 2, we increased the task difficulty by presenting the test stimuli simultaneously with a different spatial layout from the familiarization trials to provide a more ecologically valid condition. Infants did not make similar inferences in this more distracting test condition. However, Experiment 3 showed that a social cue did allow inferences in this more difficult test condition, and Experiment 4 showed that social cues helped infants choose patterns among distractor patterns during learning as well as during test. These findings suggest that infants can use feature co-occurrence to learn about objects and that social cues shape such foundational learning in distraction-filled environments. 相似文献
888.
889.
作为人所最终关切的自身的存在及其意义的“终极关怀”,从根本上来说是人的一种内在的精神关切,但是精神的东西总是要外化为人们的行为取向和某种制度规范、风俗习惯。我们采用访谈方法,通过对一个比较典型的由天主教信徒组成的村庄洞儿沟村的调查,看一看“终极关怀”到底对人们有着什么样的影响。一、洞儿沟村概况洞儿沟村位于山西省太原市晋源区姚村镇。该村总人口为1196人,总户数为263户,信仰天主教的村民比例为100%。村民主要以务农为业,种植果树,农闲时在附近村子打些散工,做点石匠活儿。该村经济比较落后,村民之间的贫富差距不大,有50… 相似文献
890.
文化传统与政治文明发展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
任何国家政治文明建设都以特定的文化为背景。文化和传统是政治意识文明的源头活水,是政治行为文明的内在根据,是政治制度文明的思想基础,对政治文明主体具有塑造功能。因此,文化和传统是政治文明进步和发展的重要动力。 相似文献