166例冠心病患者活动平板试验中室性心律失常的分析

探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度与室性心律失常的关系,用Mar-quette Case16型活动平板系统测试,采用改良的Bruce方案。结果显示,偶发室早在单支狭窄和多支狭窄中无明显差异,恶性室性心律失常发生率在多支狭窄中较单支狭窄明显增高。冠心病患者出现的恶性室性心律失常提示病变严重或预后较差。     

癫痫儿童认知功能障碍诊断中的问题

癫痫是小儿常见的神经系统慢性疾病,相当一部分儿童伴有认知功能损伤,早期诊断是正确干预、改善预后的前提。但在癫痫儿童认知功能障碍诊断中存在许多的问题,给相关研究带来困难。认知理论尚不完善;认知损伤与修复的机理不清;影响因素众多,而且各不相同;更主要的是方法学上的问题。目前研究趋势是分离不同的认知成分,早期诊断某些特定的认知损伤,国内在这方面的研究起步较晚。     

癫痫儿童认知功能障碍诊断中的问题

癫痫是小儿常见的神经系统慢性疾病,相当一部分儿童伴有认知功能损伤,早期诊断是正确干预、改善预后的前提.但在癫痫儿童认知功能障碍诊断中存在许多的问题,给相关研究带来困难.认知理论尚不完善;认知损伤与修复的机理不清;影响因素众多,而且各不相同;更主要的是方法学上的问题.目前研究趋势是分离不同的认知成分,早期诊断某些特定的认知损伤,国内在这方面的研究起步较晚.     

从系统论视角看全身炎症反应综合征

全身炎症反应综合征已经成为当前危重病医学所面临重大挑战.本文从系统论的角度出发,通过阐述全身炎症反应综合征的发病机制、病理过程及治疗进展,浅谈系统论在全身炎症反应综合征基础研究和临床治疗中的指导作用.     

Methods for Mediation Analysis with Missing Data

Despite wide applications of both mediation models and missing data techniques, formal discussion of mediation analysis with missing data is still rare. We introduce and compare four approaches to dealing with missing data in mediation analysis including listwise deletion, pairwise deletion, multiple imputation (MI), and a two-stage maximum likelihood (TS-ML) method. An R package bmem is developed to implement the four methods for mediation analysis with missing data in the structural equation modeling framework, and two real examples are used to illustrate the application of the four methods. The four methods are evaluated and compared under MCAR, MAR, and MNAR missing data mechanisms through simulation studies. Both MI and TS-ML perform well for MCAR and MAR data regardless of the inclusion of auxiliary variables and for AV-MNAR data with auxiliary variables. Although listwise deletion and pairwise deletion have low power and large parameter estimation bias in many studied conditions, they may provide useful information for exploring missing mechanisms.     

Optimism across cultures: In response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak

Based on our early research, we predicted that the Chinese may be more optimistic and less pessimistic than North Americans in response to negative life events. A survey was conducted to investigate optimism cross culturally in the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks in Canada and China. Chinese students in Beijing and European Canadians in Toronto answered questions about their perceptions of SARS. No significant cultural difference was found on dispositional optimism, as measured by the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Unrealistic optimism was measured in the context of SARS. Both groups demonstrated unrealistic optimism (i.e. reporting that the self was less likely than an average person to get infected with SARS). Such optimistic bias was stronger among Chinese than among Canadians. Compared to the actual infection rates in Beijing and Toronto, both Chinese and Canadian participants overestimated their own chances of getting infected, indicating that they were being pessimistic. Indeed, Chinese were less pessimistic than Canadians. In addition, even though the Chinese reported more inconvenience brought by SARS than did Canadians, they also reported more positive changes brought by SARS, reflecting the Chinese dialectical views of events. Implications for research on optimism in context are discussed.     

《遁》卦与葛洪的隐逸思想

《遁》卦是《周易》的第三十三卦.长期以来,学术界对该卦意涵的理解见仁见智.本文认为《遁》卦并非是倡导消极隐退,而是反复强调隐遁的两个重要条件:时与志.这种思想对晋代著名道士葛洪产生了深刻影响.葛洪的隐逸思想与《遁》卦存在密切关系,将《周易·遁卦》与葛洪的隐逸思想贯通起来分析,不仅有助于理解《遁》卦内涵,也有助于对道教思想文化发展状态的把握.     

职业生涯探索的结构、方法及影响因素

职业生涯探索是指个体在探索动机推动下,对于自我和职业发展相关的环境进行探索,形成一定技能、获得相应的认知和情感反馈的过程,其最终目的在于自我的发展和整合。此领域的研究主要集中于职业生涯探索的概念、结构划分、测量方法和影响因素几方面。关于结构的研究有内容和过程两种取向;影响因素的研究主要从家庭和个体两方面展开。明确职业生涯探索结构、进一步完善测量工具及深入了解职业生涯探索的原因机制是未来研究的趋向     

自主控制眼跳：实验范式、神经机制和应用

自主控制眼跳是眼跳类型之一。自主控制眼跳实验范式为研究各种脑损伤,神经疾病和精神失调提供了一种新的研究手段,为研究眼跳的神经机制以及反应抑制、空间工作记忆等高级认知功能提供了重要的方法。文章介绍了自主控制眼跳的两种实验范式：反向眼跳和记忆导向眼跳,阐述了自主控制眼跳的神经机制及其实验范式的应用,指出自主控制眼跳实验范式为评定精神分裂症等脑功能失调病人的神经功能状态提供了重要的信息,为研究各种脑功能失调和精神疾病提供了重要的研究方法。今后的研究趋势是眼跳研究与神经成像技术和临床观察相结合     

基于同义关联的句子错误记忆：发展性逆转现象及句式效应

以汉语把字句和被字句为材料,采用学习-再认方式,考察基于同义关联的句子错误记忆及其发展性逆转现象和句式效应。实验1结果发现高二和初二校正后的关键诱饵句错误再认率显著高于小学五年级,把字关键诱饵句校正后的错误再认率显著高于被字句,表明基于同义关联的句子错误记忆存在发展性逆转现象和句式效应。实验2结果发现三个年级关键诱饵句与无关句的错误再认率差异均不显著,表明去除同义关联后,句子错误记忆现象被抑制。结果表明,同义关联能诱发句子错误记忆,且句子错误记忆存在发展性逆转现象和句式效应。