文本阅读理解中精加工推理及错误记忆探讨

以说明文为阅读文本,通过使用累计窗口技术、自定步调的阅读时间法和句子核证法,结合一般世界知识的激活考察了文本阅读理解中精加工推理和错误记忆现象。实验1结果表明,被试在文本阅读理解中产生了精加工推理,内涵推理成绩显著高于外延推理;与文本信息密切相关的一般世界知识容易被激活。实验2结果表明,文本阅读中存在错误记忆现象;错误记忆随着一般世界知识与原文关联程度增强而增加。结论文本阅读理解中存在精加工推理和错误记忆现象,二者均与一般世界知识的激活有关;文本阅读中的错误记忆与DRM范式（Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm）中的错误记忆一样具有顽固性。     

情绪加工老龄化机制：表情的自动加工和控制加工视角

情绪加工老龄化已经成为老龄化研究的新热点, 但其内在机制仍然缺乏统一的解释。本研究以自动加工和控制加工为切入点, 综合行为实验、ERP和fMRI实验技术, 开展表情加工的老龄化研究, 从情绪与认知交互的角度进一步揭示情绪加工老龄化的内在机制。具体内容包括表情自动加工和控制加工的年龄差异及其神经机制, 表情自动加工与认知控制的相互作用, 以及个体差异在情绪加工老龄化中的作用等。本研究将加深对情绪加工老龄化的理解, 为相关理论模型的验证、修正和完善提供实证依据。     

肺动脉栓塞诊治进展

肺栓塞是常见的临床病理综合征之一。为提高对肺栓塞的认识水平,减少误诊的发生,本文介绍了肺栓塞的病因、临床表现、实验室及影像检查、诊断与治疗进展。     

中国传统礼制对现代中国法治的启示——礼的法伦理学视角解读

礼是中华文化的核心和精髓,体现在中华文化的各个方面,这自然也包括法律文化领域.中华法律文化最重要的特征,就是带有礼的浓厚色彩,礼也成为中国法的本土资源.中国在近代后逐步迈向法治,在现代更步入了法治快车道.然而法治毕竟有其本土资源,我们在进行现代法治建设时,仍可从传统礼制中获得启示.本文主要以法伦理学为视角,重新解读审视传统德法关系,并阐发其对现代法治的启示.     

家庭环境、父母监控、自我控制与青少年犯罪

采用问卷法考察了少管所、工读学校和普通中学740名青少年的违法犯罪行为.据严重违法犯罪行为得分将被试分为3组:无、中等和严重.三组青少年在家庭环境、父母监控和自我控制上差异显著:严重违法犯罪行为组父母离异比例高,父母受教育水平低;家庭氛围的矛盾性得分高,亲密度、情感表达和道德观等维度得分低;父母监控水平低;自我控制能力低.路径分析发现,低自我控制是预测青少年违法犯罪行为的重要个体因素,它对家庭氛围有显著的中介作用,但对其他变量的中介作用不显著.     

Time course of effects of emotion on item memory and source memory for Chinese words

Although many studies have investigated the effect of emotion on memory, it is unclear whether the effect of emotion extends to all aspects of an event. In addition, it is poorly understood how effects of emotion on item memory and source memory change over time. This study examined the time course of effects of emotion on item memory and source memory. Participants learned intentionally a list of neutral, positive, and negative Chinese words, which were presented twice, and then took test of free recall, followed by recognition and source memory tests, at one of eight delayed points of time. The main findings are (within the time frame of 2 weeks): (1) Negative emotion enhances free recall, whereas there is only a trend that positive emotion enhances free recall. In addition, negative and positive emotions have different points of time at which their effects on free recall reach the greatest magnitude. (2) Negative emotion reduces recognition, whereas positive emotion has no effect on recognition. (3) Neither positive nor negative emotion has any effect on source memory. The above findings indicate that effect of emotion does not necessarily extend to all aspects of an event and that valence is a critical modulating factor in effect of emotion on item memory. Furthermore, emotion does not affect the time course of item memory and source memory, at least with a time frame of 2 weeks. This study has implications for establishing the theoretical model regarding the effect of emotion on memory.     

结核病的再燃和控制新策略

由于忽视结核病控制工作、耐药菌株的出现、流动人口的增加以及艾滋病的流行导致了结核病在全球范围内再燃,中国是全球22个结核病高负担国家之一.世界卫生组织提出了控制结核病流行的有效新策略-DOTS.政府承诺、综合医院积极配合、归口管理、健康教育、加强培训等是确保DOTS实施的有效措施.     

升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）面临的挑战——升HDL-C药物的不同机制和HDL-C升高的疗效评价

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平与发生冠心病的危险性呈负相关。HDL通过促进胆固醇逆转运、改善内皮功能、抗氧化、抗炎和抗血栓而发挥心血管保护作用。HDL已成为冠心病防治工作的新靶点,生活方式和调脂药物的干预能升高HDL-C,然而HDL的功能比HDL-C血浆水平更重要,多项以HDL为靶点新的治疗措施正在研究中,临床上如何评价HDL-C升高的疗效价值及升高HDL-C的药物和策略有着重要意义。进一步研究HDL的结构、代谢和功能能够深入了解脂质代谢过程和动脉粥样硬化发生机制,使干预HDL成为动脉粥样硬化防治新的目标。     

换位棋问题规则的表征与解题正确率间关系的研究

本研究通过对被试求解换位棋过程的记录与分析,重点研究了问题表征在换位棋求解过程中的作用。实验结果表明：（1）正确表征问题规则是解题的必要前提.对问题规则信息的误解和遗漏,是影响解题正确率的重要因素。其中对非隐含问题规则的错误表征也占全部错误表征的很大比率。（2）“关键结构”的发现是解决换位棋的必要条件,对问题规则的错误表征影响“关键结构”的发现.（3）前置问题的解决经验对目标问题的正确表征无显著的影响作用。     

Gender differences in the effects of post-learning emotion on consolidation of item memory and source memory

Item memory and source memory are two integral elements of episodic memory. Although many studies have examined the effect of emotion on item memory, little research has simultaneously taken into account item memory and source memory. In addition, in the majority of previous studies, learning stimuli are used as the source of emotion, making it difficult to understand whether emotion has an effect on encoding or on consolidation of episodic memory. Furthermore, although gender differences exist in neurophysiological responses to emotional stimuli, in many studies gender differences were neglected and this leaves the picture incomplete regarding the effect of emotion on episodic memory. In this study, we examined gender differences in the effects of post-learning emotion on consolidation of item memory and source memory. Participants learned neutral Chinese nouns, took a memory pretest, and were then randomly assigned to three conditions, in which they either watched a 3-min negative video clip, or watched a 3-min positive video clip, or remained calm and relaxed for 3 min. Thirty minutes after the initial learning, participants took a memory posttest. We found that: (1) For females, post-learning negative emotion enhanced consolidation of item memory; however, neither negative emotion nor positive emotion had a significant effect on consolidation of source memory; (2) For males, neither negative nor positive emotion after learning had a significant effect on either item memory or source memory. Possible reasons for the gender differences, as well as the theoretical significance and practical implications of this study were discussed.