此岸与彼岸:文学人类学视域中的文学与信仰

文学是人类特有的精神现象,以文学人类学的眼光站在文学之外重新审视文学,将文学当作人类存在的一种方式且放在与人类另一种独有的精神现象--信仰的关系中考察,将会发现文学和信仰在神话中就开始结下不解之缘:文学使生存于此岸的人类在达至于彼岸的过程中可以亲切地感受到信仰之光的照耀,文学也因此具有了内外两重意义并成为人们可以苦心经营的一种信仰.在这个信仰危机的时代,文学还有助于感性的方式重新唤回人们对信仰的执著和对意义的追求.文学和信仰因共同的超越性品质而成为人类生存的不可或缺的精神家园.     

肺动脉栓塞诊治进展

肺栓塞是常见的临床病理综合征之一.为提高对肺栓塞的认识水平,减少误诊的发生,本文介绍了肺栓塞的病因、临床表现、实验室及影像检查、诊断与治疗进展.     

多通道记忆模型(MEM)简评

出现于20世纪80年代末而成熟于90年代的多通道记忆模型(MEM),从横向水平结构上划分出知觉记忆系统和反映性记忆系统;从纵向垂直结构上划分出监控系统和执行系统,每个系统的功能虽有所侧重,但人的认知记忆括动却是这些系统相互作用、共同配合的结果,与其它的认知记忆模型相比,MEM不但注重了整体性、摆脱了单一线性的探讨模式,而且也强调了开放性和能动性。     

A Meta-Analysis of Working Memory Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by executive dysfunction, and working memory (WM) comprises one core component of executive function. Many studies have investigated WM impairments in individuals with ASD, however, a conclusive agreement has not been reached. The present study provided a meta-analytic review of WM impairments in individuals with ASD and evaluated potential moderating variables of this problem. Twenty-eight studies were included in this study, and the participants comprised 819 individuals with ASD and 875 healthy controls. A significant WM impairment (Cohen’s d?=??0.61) was identified in the individuals with ASD, however, this impairment was not associated with age. Results of moderation analyses showed that (a) spatial WM was more severely impaired than verbal WM and (b) the component of cognitive processing (maintenance vs. maintenance plus manipulation) did not affect the severity of WM impairments. These findings suggest that WM is impaired in individuals with ASD and may have implications for interventions related to WM impairments in these individuals.     

盆腔炎性疾病与不孕不育

盆腔炎性疾病(pelvic inflammatory disease,PID)是常见的妇科疾病,且迁延难愈.同时,盆腔炎(PID)发病率增高与性传播疾病(STD)发病人数增多相平行.这些可以引起一系列临床症状,统称为盆腔炎性疾病后遗症(sequelae of PID).除了长期慢性疼痛、月经不调、盆腔炎性疾病反复发作外,严重的还会影响女性的生育功能,导致不孕症或异位妊娠.此外,盆腔炎对于IVF-ET的成功率也存在一定的影响.     

树突状细胞在膀胱癌治疗中的应用

树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)是目前发现最强大的抗原提呈细胞(antigen presenting cell,APC),能有效激发T细胞应答并诱导特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxicityTlymphocyte,CTL)生成.膀胱肿瘤是我国泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤.国外发病率在男性泌尿生殖器肿瘤中仅次于前列腺癌,居第2位;我国膀胱癌发病率也逐年升高.利用DC疫苗接种宿主、诱导或增强宿主防御功能、提高机体免疫系统对肿瘤的特异杀伤能力,已成为晚期膀胱癌免疫治疗中的研究热点.     

人工神经网络在临床应用中的伦理思考

现代临床医学中的海量信息具有非线性特质,人工神经网络的自我学习、记忆和归纳功能,刚好适应了医学的新发展,在医学领域有良好的应用前景。事实上,人工神经网络临床应用的理论研究成果丰富,但商业应用并不多见。本文探讨人工神经网络在临床应用中可能引发的社会伦理争议,对其临床适用范围进行初步的论述。     

人性与法域的断想

人性的完善是导致法域变迁的内在动因,法从起源到发展都莫不与人性密切相关,任何法域及域内之法都不过是人类本性的某些表现.以人性的拓展为研究脉络,人类法制演进的历程跃然凸现.从公私法域的分化到社会法域的衍生甚至生态法域的出现,人性在无形中推动着人类法制发展的全部过程.法在当代的多样化发展趋势.乃是人性多方面展开的必然结果.     

Role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway in long-term potentiation and trace fear conditioning memory in rat medial prefrontal cortex

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream targets, including Akt (also known as protein kinase B, PKB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6k), and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), may play important roles in long-term synaptic plasticity and memory in many brain regions, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. The present study investigated the role of the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), also a crucial neural locus for the control of cognition and emotion. Western blot analysis of mPFC tissues showed an activation of phosphorylation of Akt at the Ser473 residues, mTOR, p70S6k, and 4E-BP1 in response to long-term potentiation (LTP)-inducing high-frequency stimulation (HFS). Infusion of PI3K inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) and an mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) into the mPFC in vivo suppressed HFS-induced LTP as well as the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. In parallel, these inhibitors interfered with the long-term retention of trace fear memory examined 3 d and 6 d after the trace fear conditioning training, whereas short-term trace fear memory and object recognition memory were kept intact. These results provide evidence of involvement of activation of the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in the mPFC for LTP and long-term retention of trace fear memory.     

规范化治疗体系对抑郁症治疗依从性的干预研究探讨

抑郁症的药物治疗是一个长期的过程,因此治疗依从性极其重要,然而,因疾病特点、药物、医患等多方面原因,导致治疗依从性较差,如何提高治疗依从性成为备受关注的问题。国内外相关研究较多,其中系统规范的随诊模式,抑郁症及药物知识的教育,心理治疗及对家庭成员相关知识的教育干预等均被证实确实有效。本文就各种干预方法进行探讨,以期确立系统规范的随诊、治疗体系,提高治疗依从性。