网络心理咨询的实践及其存在的问题

目前的网络心理咨询并不能算是严格意义上的心理咨询,因为除了从业人员的资格及其服务质量值得探讨之外,技术困难所导致的非言语交流的缺乏也使它与传统意义上的心理咨询有一定差异。文章根据网络心理咨询发展的特殊性,从服务人员、工具、治疗关系、服务类型和目标等维度,界定出目前网络心理咨询的基本含义,并在此基础上概览了网络心理咨询的实践状况,分析了当前网络心理咨询实践领域中存在的保密性、资格许可、伦理、不完整信息、来访者转介等主要问题     

创造性研究的有效工具——远距离联想测验（RAT）

介绍了一个测量创造力的方法——远距离联想测验（remoteassociatestest,RAT）,并将它与其他创造性测验方法进行比较。文章还介绍了应用RAT进行的一些创造性科学研究的成果。作者认为RAT是适合创造性科学研究,尤其是神经科学研究的重要工具     

瑰宝档案——评张映莹、李彦《五台山佛光寺》

中国佛教协会已故会长、诗人、书法家赵朴初先生,于1977年8月偕日本佛教界人士游览五台山时,曾作《寄调忆江南》词《五台杂咏》四首。其第一首为：     

支娄迦谶是汉地最初传译大乘经典的著名译师

支娄迦谶是汉地最早传译大乘经典的一代译师,也是汉地最先传译大乘般若性空思想的著名高僧,还是汉地传译文殊般若信仰的先驱。     

科学实践的规范性:劳斯的规范性元理论述评

一自然主义与规范性问题当代自然主义在科学哲学的复兴主要归功于20世纪60年代蒯因(W.V.O.Quine)与库恩(T.Kuhn)的工作。蒯因旨在摆脱传统基础主义认识论的困境而提倡“自然化认识论”,把人类科学当做一种自然现象,像研究任何其他自然现象一样,运用科学方法来研究科学,从而主张     

我国肢体残疾病人矫形治疗的现状分析

我国肢体残疾病人的发病率、病种分类、病情特点、医疗需求的实际情况如何?矫形外科医生队伍的建设与学术研究现状怎样?众多的肢体残疾者是否得到正确的矫形外科治疗?骨科学术界缺乏这样的分析.作者实施了2万多例各种肢体残疾的矫形手术,对其中16678例病人进行了统计分析,结果发现,近10余年来我国大医院进入以市场为主导的发展阶段,外科治疗下肢畸形与残疾的矫形外科专业,由于缺乏强大的市场推动、治疗过程较复杂等原因,而被忽视.我国矫形外科医师严重缺乏,某些下肢残缺的矫形手术治疗甚至人才断档.从而出现数以百万计的各种肢体残痰病人,因为缺少经济能力和矫形外科医师,没有得到正确的矫形外科治疗.作者分析了我国肢体残疾病人的发生率、病种、病情特点、年龄分布、经济状况和医疗需求,提出了解决这一问题的对策和建议     

弈棋风格的结构研究

弈棋风格是指弈者在围棋活动中所表现出来的一致的、稳定的方式和行棋特点.通过对弈棋风格的形容匈评定数据进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,研究得到弈棋风格结构的五个因素(维度),即严谨稳健、机敏轻灵、好胜力战、大局观和犹豫忍让.     

新生儿情绪性语音加工的正性偏向——来自事件相关电位的证据

准确解码语音中的情绪信息能让个体更好地适应社会环境, 此能力对新生儿和婴儿尤其重要, 因为人类刚出生时听觉系统远比视觉系统发育得完善。虽然已有研究表明5~7月龄的婴儿能分辨不同情绪种类的语音, 但目前对新生儿的研究还非常少。人类是否在出生时即具有分辨不同种类情绪性语音的能力?新生儿对情绪的加工是否存在正性或负性偏向?本文选用odd-ball范式考察高兴、恐惧、愤怒三种韵律性语音在1~6天龄新生儿大脑中诱发的事件相关电位。实验1直接对比三种情绪性条件, 发现新生儿大脑的额区(F3和F4电极点)可以区分情绪性语音的正负性, 正性(高兴)语音诱发的“失匹配反应”幅度明显大于负性(愤怒和恐惧)语音。实验2采用偏差和标准刺激反转的odd-ball范式, 证实了实验1的结果并非源于三种情绪语音物理属性的差异。本文的结果提示, 新生儿大脑可自动辨别正性与负性情绪语音, 但尚不能将愤怒和恐惧两种负性语音区分开来。更重要的是, 高兴语音比两种负性语音诱发了更大的失匹配反应, 这一结果首次从神经学层面(电生理指标)为新生儿情绪性语音加工的正性偏向提供了证据。     

Gender-Based Measurement Invariance of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA; Gullone and Taffe (Psychological Assessment, 24(2), 409–417, 2011)) across gender. A total of 1388 Chinese adolescents (48.1% males), ranging in age from 11 to 16 years (M = 12.9, SD = 1.09) were recruited from four Chinese middle schools and completed the ERQ-CA. The Cronbach’s α values, omega coefficients, and item-total correlations for the two subscales of the ERQ-CA indicated adequate internal consistency reliability. The results of confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed that all configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict invariance models provided acceptable fit to the data. The result of latent means analysis demonstrated statistically non-significant differences between boys and girls. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the ERQ-CA displays appropriate measurement invariance across gender for Chinese youth of ages 11 to 16.

     

The Influence of Early Efficacy Beliefs on Teams' Reactions to Failing to Reach Performance Goals

Although a considerable amount of theoretical and empirical attention has been devoted to understanding individuals' responses to goal–performance discrepancies (GPDs), little attention has been devoted to examining how teams respond to GPDs. The present research sought to examine how teams responded to negative GPDs. We predicted that failing to reach higher goals would be perceived as less negative than failing to reach lower goals, and we examined the moderating influence of setting higher versus lower goals on how teams responded to performance that fell short of those goals. We also examined the role that efficacy beliefs that were formed early in those teams played in further explaining these effects. Results from 94 teams who all failed to reach self‐set goals revealed that teams that failed to reach higher goals downwardly revised their goals less than teams that failed to reach lower goals. Early efficacy beliefs further explained these effects. High efficacy beliefs lessened the negative effects of failing to reach lower goals on subsequent goals. High efficacy beliefs also lessened the negative effects of failing to reach higher goals while low efficacy beliefs strengthened the negative effects of failing to reach higher goals. The implications of these findings for theory, research, and practice are discussed.