The relationship between media exposure and antifat attitudes: the role of dysfunctional appearance beliefs

This study examined the relationship between media exposure, antifat attitudes, and body dissatisfaction, as well as the mediating effect of dysfunctional appearance beliefs. A sample of 112 women completed surveys measuring media exposure, antifat attitudes, body dissatisfaction, and dysfunctional beliefs about appearance. It was found that time spent reading fashion magazines was positively correlated with antifat attitudes and that this relationship was mediated by dysfunctional beliefs about appearance. Measures of antifat attitudes and body dissatisfaction were both found to be correlated with endorsement of dysfunctional beliefs about appearance and body mass index. Results suggest that time spent reading fashion magazines may be related to antifat attitudes through dysfunctional appearance beliefs.     

1型糖尿病免疫调节治疗:愿望与现实

1型糖尿病动物模型干预研究显示有效阻断β细胞自身免疫性损伤可阻止或逆转新发生的糖尿病.已完成的临床免疫调节干预研究的结果并不令人满意,目前有数百项I、II期临床阶段的干预试验研究在招募或进行中.早期临床试验发现长期服用T细胞抑制剂环孢素A可提高新诊断1型糖尿病的缓解率,但是由于担心其长期服用所致的肾毒性等不良反应,终止了其在1型糖尿病治疗中的进一步应用.目前针对1型糖尿病免疫调节治疗主要集中在抗原特异性(胰岛素、谷氨酸脱羧酶65)、抗原非特异性(抗淋巴细胞单克隆抗体)免疫调节治疗和促进β细胞新生等措施方面,这三大类措施的联合应用有可能实现更有效的干预效果和较低的毒副作用.目前针对1型糖尿病的三级预防临床研究的现实意义较一、二级预防研究更大,可在较短时间内、花费更少的资金和精力获得更有效的干预措施,而这些试验的成功更加有利于一、二级1型糖尿病的预防.寻找更准确的1型糖尿病发病预测和评价干预效果的方法是成功探索1型糖尿病干预手段的关键之处.     

视频材料诱发情绪的效果评价

该文对预期可诱发快乐、愤怒、厌恶和恐惧4种具体情绪以及中性状态的视频材料进行效果评价,探讨此类情绪诱发材料的应用价值。首先参照James.J.Gross量化评定情绪电影片段的方法收集和粗选视频材料,再以大学生为被试,使用情绪主观报告法评价视频的情绪诱发效果。结果表明,所选的大部分视频材料情绪诱发效果较好,表现为靶情绪诱发强度、分化度和区分度均比较理想。研究证明视频材料可以成功诱发个体产生具体情绪,具有较强的应用价值。     

自然选择与肿瘤转移治疗新策略

微环境以自然选择的方式对肿瘤细胞亚群进行选择,使某些亚克隆更加倾向于向某些位置转移.微环境的自然选择是肿瘤转移的前提条件,始终贯穿于肿瘤发生发展的全过程,从自然选择的角度看肿瘤的转移,研究肿瘤转移需要的微环境,通过破坏转移前微环境,达到预防和治疗肿瘤转移的目的,将为肿瘤转移的治疗开创一条新路.     

我国医学教育亟需死亡教育补课

随着社会的进步、精神文明水平的提高和医学人文的呼唤,死亡教育将备受关注.通过介绍国内、外死亡教育发展现状,从我国当前的社会形势、医学教育、临床现状和医学生职业特殊性说明在我国医学教育中进行死亡教育补课之必要性;最后着重分析了在我国开展死亡教育存在的问题.     

The Role of Leader Morality in the Interaction Effect of Procedural Justice and Outcome Favorability

The present research explored the role of leader morality in the interaction effect of procedural justice and outcome favorability, and attempted to connect justice and morality construct in a new direction. Two studies in different settings and using different designs (a scenario experiment and a survey) yielded convergent results. When leader morality was high, the interaction effect of procedural justice and outcome favorability was significant, and fair procedures mitigated the negative effect of low outcome favorability. When leader morality was low, however, the interaction between procedural justice and outcome favorability was absent.     

图形的信息编码与表征

图形的信息加工有别于其他视觉信息,主要体现在编码与表征两个方面。图形信息的编码方式和编码时间取决于图形的特征及其复杂性,在此基础上,研究者们分别提出了细节编码模型和范畴编码模型。图形信息表征的几种水平反映了图形信息的编码特性。图形的颜色和形状既可以联合表征,也可以分开表征,这取决于任务的要求。图形其他特征的表征形式还有待于进一步研究。     

Relationship between Chinese children's imaginary companions and their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions

We investigated relationship between Chinese children's imaginary companions (ICs) and their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions in 180 children, aged 5–6 years old. We examined the potential differences in second-order false belief understanding and emotion understanding between children with and without ICs, children with egalitarian IC relationships and hierarchical IC relationships, as well as children with invisible friends and personified objects. The results revealed that children with ICs had better second-order false belief understanding and emotion understanding than children without ICs. Compared with children with hierarchical relationships, children with egalitarian relationships had better second-order false belief understanding. However, children with invisible friends and personified objects did not differ on their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions. The results suggest that compared with IC types, IC status and child-IC relationship qualities may be more relevant to children's theory of mind. It will be interesting for the future researchers to investigate the underlying mechanism of the differences between children with egalitarian IC relationships and hierarchical IC relationships.     

Countably Many Weakenings of Belnap–Dunn Logic

Studia Logica - Every Berman’s variety $$\mathbb {K}_p^q$$ which is the subvariety of Ockham algebras defined by the equation $${\sim ^{2p+q}}a = {\sim ^q}a$$ ($$p\ge 1$$ and $$q\ge 0$$)...     

认知越灵活，句子理解越快?

采用威斯康星卡片分类测验、语法–语义灵活性任务和语义肯定性任务,以47名大学生为研究对象,考察一般认知灵活性、语法–语义灵活性与句子理解的关系。控制性别作用后,回归分析结果显示：（1）一般认知灵活性只显著预测一般肯定句理解速度,语法–语义灵活性显著预测一般肯定、一般否定、肯定反问、否定反问、双重否定和三重否定句理解速度;（2）语法–语义灵活性比一般认知灵活性对一般肯定句理解速度的预测作用更大;（3）语法–语义灵活性对肯定反问句比对否定反问句理解速度的预测作用更大。这表明语法–语义灵活性比一般认知灵活性对句子理解速度的贡献更大,且认知灵活性对不同句式句子理解速度的影响不同。