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Relapse rates remain high among people with opioid dependence. Identifying psychosocial factors associated with outcomes is important for informing behavioral treatments. This study examined religious coping, opioid use, and 12-step participation among 45 participants receiving inpatient opioid detoxification at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, higher positive coping was related to less frequent opioid use pre-admission (β?=?-.44, p?.001) and history of 12-step participation (OR?=?2.33, p?.05). Decreases in negative coping after discharge predicted less opioid use (β?=?.55, p?.001), and increases in positive coping predicted more frequent 12-step program participation (β?=?.42, p?.05). Positive religious coping may be protective, while negative religious coping may be a barrier to treatment. 相似文献