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31.
Woodbury M 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(2):235-244
Business people repeatedly asked Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR) to recommend a policy to deal with
email and voicemail. After many such requests to our organization, we attempted to construct guidelines that we could endorse.
This paper outlines the guidelines that we proposed and the public reaction to them. The paper discusses the tensions inherent
in a business environment, and the means of identifying ethical behavior for both companies and their employees.
A version of this paper was presented at ETHICOMP98, the Fourth International Conference on Ethical Issues of Information
Technology, March 25–27, 1998. Erasmus University, the Netherlands.
Dr. Woodbury is the former Chair of CPRS. Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility. She is also a curriculum developer
and faculty member of the Information Group of the Women’s International University (ifu) in Germany in 2000. 相似文献
32.
Andersen D;Danish Committee on Scientific Dishonesty 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(1):25-34
In 1992, The Danish Medical Research Council established a national committee on scientific dishonesty with the twofold task
of handling cases of scientific misconduct and taking preventive initiatives. Scientific dishonesty was proven in only five
cases, but in another nine cases lesser degrees of deviations from good scientific practice were found. The experiences from
a total of 24 treated cases indicated that three key areas were at the basis of most of the accusations and the deviations
from good practice: uncertainty about 1) authorship, about 2) rights and duties to use scientific data and about 3) agreements
at the initiation of joint studies. As a consequence guidelines on good practice have been issued on these key subjects.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at a symposium, Scientific Misconduct. An International Perspective, organised by The Medical University of Warsaw, 16 November, 1998. 相似文献
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The difficulties of operationalizing race in research and practice for social, behavioral, and genetic researchers and practitioners are neither new nor related to recent genetic knowledge. For geneticists, the bases for understanding groups are clines, observed traits that gradually change in frequency between geographic regions without distinct identifiable population boundaries and population histories that carry information about the distribution of genetic variants. For psychologists, race may not exist or be a social and cultural construct associated with fluid social inferences. Because definitions of populations and race can be socially and biologically incongruent, the authors suggest that geneticists and social and behavioral scientists and clinicians attend to external validity issues by operationalizing population and racial categories and avoiding race proxies for other biological, social, and cultural constructs in research designs, data analyses, and clinical practice. 相似文献
37.
Rejection sensitivity (RS) is the disposition to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to rejection. This study used the startle probe paradigm to test whether the affect-based defensive motivational system is automatically activated by rejection cues in people who are high in RS. Stimuli were representational paintings depicting rejection (by Hopper) and acceptance (by Renoir), as well as nonrepresentational paintings of either negative or positive valence (by Rothko and Miro, respectively). Eyeblink startle magnitude was potentiated in people high in RS when they viewed rejection themes, compared with when they viewed nonrepresentational negative themes. Startle magnitude was not attenuated during viewing of acceptance themes in comparison with nonrepresentational positive themes. Overall, the results provide evidence that for people high in RS, rejection cues automatically activate the defensive motivational system, but acceptance cues do not automatically activate the appetitive motivational system. 相似文献
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Schrag B Ferrell G Weil V Fiedler TJ 《Science and engineering ethics》2003,9(4):569-77; discussion 578-82
This case raises ethical issues involving conflicts of interest arising from industrial funding of academic research; ethical responsibilities of laboratories to funding agencies; ethical responsibilities in the management of a research lab; ethical considerations in appropriate research design; communication in a research group; communication between advisor and graduate student; responsibilities of researchers for the environment; misrepresentation or withholding of scientific results. 相似文献
40.
Heyman RE Chaudhry BR Treboux D Crowell J Lord C Vivian D Waters EB 《Behavior Therapy》2001,32(1):107-122
Using three different samples of couples (clinic, nondistressed community, and engaged), we found that 15 minutes was sufficient to witness enough behavior to make reliable (i.e., internally consistent) estimations of most Rapid Marital Interaction Coding System (Heyman & Vivian, 1993) code frequencies. Ten minutes is sufficient for many codes of interest. The ease in which "how much time is necessary" calculations can be made should entice behavioral investigators from a variety of content areas to publish such figures. By empirically investigating a factor that in most fields becomes reified through convention, investigators can conduct observational research that is both maximally efficient and maximally scientifically defensible. 相似文献