Concerning So-Called Group Effects

Abstract

Sermons and addresses. By John Bascom, New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1913. 356 p.

Things learned by living. By John Bascom. New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1913. 228 p.

The Jukes in 1915. By Arthur H. Estabrook. Washington, Carnegie Institution, 1916. 85 p.

The mothercraft manual. By Mary L. Read. Boston, Little, Brown and Co., 1916. 440 p.

Towards racial health. By Norah H. March. London, George Routledge and Sons, 1915. 326 p.

How to live; rules for healthful living based on modern science. By Irving Fisher and Eugene Lyman Fisk. 7th ed. New York, Funk and Wagnalls Co., 1916. 345 p.

The development of intelligence in children. By Alfred Binet and Th. Simon. Translated by Elizabeth S. Kate. Publications of the Training School at Vineland, N. J., Department of Research. No. 11. May, 1916. 336 p.

The intelligence of the feeble-minded. By Alfred Binet and Th. Simon. Translated by Elizabeth S. Kite. Publications of the Training School at Vineland, N. J., Department of Research. No. 12, June, 1916. 328 p.

Art in education and life; a plea for the more systematic culture of the sense of beauty. By Henry Davies. Columbus, R. G. Adams and Co. (c. 1914). 334 p.

Official diplomatic documents relating to the outbreak of the European War. Edited by Edmund von Mach. New York, Macmillan, 1916.

How to study effectively. By Guy Montrose Whipple. Bloomington, Ind., Public School Publishing Co. (c. 1916). 44 p.

The gift of mind to spirit. By John Kulamer. Boston, Sherman, French and Co., 1916. 227 p.

The students' Shakespeare. Macbeth. Memorial edition. Edited, with notes, by Frank Alanson Lombard. Kyoto, Japan, 1916. 310 p.

Seventeenth annual report of the State Board of Insanity of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, for the year ending November 30, 1915. Boston, Wright and Potter Printing Co., 1916. 383 p.

School organisation and administration; a concrete study based on the Salt Lake City school survey. By Ellwood P. Cubberley. Yonkers-on-Hudson, World Book Co., 1916. 346 p.

Some problems in city school administration. By George D. Strayer. Yonkers-on-Hudson, World Book Co., 1916. 234 p.

How to use your mind; a psychology of study. By Harry D. Kitson. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Co., (c. 1916). 216 p.

New Possibilities in education. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. LXVII, September, 1916, Whole No. 156.

Form find functions of American government. By Thomas Harrison Reed. Yonkers-on-Hudson, World Book Co., 1916. 549 p.

The supervision of arithmetic. By W. A. Jessup and L. D. Coffman. New York, Macmillan, 1916. 225 p.

In the light of the spirit. By Christian D. Larson. New York, Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (c. 1916). 194 p.

Converging paths. By E. T. Campagnac. Cambridge, University Press, 1916. 113 p.

The expectant mother. By Samuel Wyllis Bandler. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1916. 213 p.

A handbook for Latin clubs. By Susan Paxson. Boston, D. C. Heath and Co. (c. 1916). 148 p.

A handbook of American private schools. (An annual publication). Boston, Porter E. Sargent (c. 1916). 604 p.

Introduction to American history. By James Albert Woodburn and Thomas Francis Moran. New York, Longmans, Green, (c 1916). 308 p.

Drake of troop one. By Isabel Hornibrook. Boston, Little, Brown, 1916. 321 p.

National Parks folio. Published by the Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.

Aus Nah und Fern. Vol. VIII, No. 1. October, 1916. Chicago, F. W. Parker School Press.

Teachers College, Columbia University, Contributions to Education:-

No. 75, Adjustment of school organisation to various population groups, by Robert Alexander Fyfe McDonald. 1915. 145 p.

No. 76 The relations of general intelligence to certain mental and physical traits, by Cyrus D Mead. 1916. 117 p.

No. 77, Completion-test language scales, by Marion Rex Trabue. 1916. 118 p.

No. 78, Ventilation in relation to mental work, by E. L. Thorndike, W. A. McCall and J. C. Chapman. 1916. 83 p.

No. 80, Measurements of some achievements in arithmetic, by Clifford Woody. 1916. 63 p.

The golden book of favorite songs. Compiled and edited by N. H. Aitch. Chicago, Hall &; McGreary, 1915. 138 p.

Yiddish-English lessons. By I. Edwin Goldwasser and Joseph Jablonower. Boston, D. C. Heath &; Company, 1916. 248 p.

Boswell's Life of Johnson. By Max J. Herzberg. Boston, Heath &; Co., 1916. 280 p.

The school and the immigrant. By Herbert Adolphus Miller. Cleveland, Cleveland Foundation Survey, 1916. 102 p.

The teaching staff. By Walter A. Jessup. Cleveland, Cleveland Foundation Survey, 1916. 114 p.

The metal trades. By R. R. Lutz. Cleveland, Cleveland Foundation Survey, 1916. 114 p.

Seventy-ninth Annual Report of the Board of Education. Boston, Wright &; Potter, 1910. 361 p.

The thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth reports of the International Institute of China. By Rev. Gilbert Reid. Shanghai, Methodist Pub. House, 1915. 62 p.

Report of the Board of Education of St. Louis, Mo. 1915. 698 p.

Maine School Report. Waterville, Maine, Sentinel Publishing Co., 1916. 291 p.

La “scala metrica dell'intelligenza” di Binet e Simon; studiata nelle scuole comunali elementari di Milano. By Zaccaria Treves and F. Umberto Saffiotti. Milano, G. Civelli, 1911. 67 p.

L'opera di Zaccaria Treves e la psicologia sperimentale. By F. Umberto Saffiotti. Milano, 1912. 28 p.

La misura dell'intelligenza nei fanciulli. By F. Umberto Saffiotti. Roma, Società Romana di Antropologia, Via del Collegio Romano, 26, 1916. 286 p.

Contributo allo studio dei rapporti tra l'intellgenza e i fattori biologico-sociali nella scuola. By F. Umberto Saffiotti. (Reprinted from Rivista di Antropologia, Vol. XVIII, Fasc. 1–2.) 1913. 34 p.

Forme e contenuto dell'associasione spontanea nei fanciulli. By F. Umberto Saffiotti (Reprinted from Rivista di Antropologia, Vol. XIX, Fasc. 1–2.) 1914. 14 p.

Anuário da Casa Pia de Lisboa. Ano Económico de 1914–15. Lisboa, R. Do Mundo, 139. Tip. Casa Portugueza, 1915. 552 p.

Tentative syllabus of the physical training program. University of the State of New York, State Department of Education. 1916. 226 p.

New York State. Eleventh annual report of the Education Department, for the school year 1913–14. 1163 p.

A laboratory and class-room guide to qualitative chemical analysis. By George F. White. New York, D. Van Nostrand Co., 1916. 171 p.

Plane and solid geometry. By William Betz and Harrison E. Webb. (With the editorial coöperation of Percy F. Smith.) Boston, Ginn, (c. 1916). 507 p.

Algebra review. By Charles H. Sampson. Yonkers-on-Hudson, World Book Co., 1916. 41 p.

Scientific method in schools; a suggestion. By W. H. S. Jones. London, Cambridge University Press, 1916. 36 p.

Reorganising a county system of rural schools; report of a study of the schools of San Mateo County, California. By J. Harold Williams. Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1916. (Bureau of Education Bull., 1916, no. 16.) 50 p.

Journal of Heredity. August and September, 1916. Washington, D. C., American Genetic Association.

A practical Spanish grammar. By Ventura Fuentes and Victor E. François. New York, Macmillan, 1916. 313 p.

United States life tables, 1910. Prepared under the supervision of Prof. James W. Glover of the University of Michigan. Bureau of the Census. Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1916. 65 p.

Bureau of American Ethnology. Twenty-ninth annual report to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1907–1908. Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1916. 636 p.

Bureau of American Ethnology. Thirtieth annual report to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1908–09. Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1915. 453 p.

Physical anthropology of the Lenape or Delawares, and of the eastern Indians in general. By Ale? Hrdli?ka. (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 62.) Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1916. 129 p.

Centennial celebration of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. April, 1916. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1916. 196 p.

The policy of national instinct. By M. Take Jonesco. London, Sir Joseph Couston and Sons, 1916. 108 p.

43.—Nationaler Deutschamerikanischer Lehrertag, 28. Juni-1. Juli, 1916. Milwaukee, Wis. 20 p.     

When (and When Not) to Make Exceptions: Links among Age,Precedent Setting Decisions,and Argument Evaluation

Negative precedents are set when, in the absence of mitigating conditions, social rules are not enforced by relevant authorities. This study examined the effects of normative (i.e., to enforce rules) and nonnormative arguments (i.e., to “make exceptions”) on decisions that could establish negative precedents and whether those effects differed for children and adolescents. As expected, on baseline problems, age correlated positively with decision-making performance. After receiving normative arguments, normative decisions increased and adolescents—but not preadolescents—transferred their understanding to novel problems. Nonnormative arguments led to decrements in normative decisions across ages. However, only for preadolescents did performance decrements following nonnormative arguments transfer to novel problems. Discussion focuses on the abilities to engage in “metacognitive intercession,” variability in children’s and adolescents’ decisions, and developments in the understanding of the consequences of violating the social rules.     

Adult Age and Gender Differences in Perceptions of Facial Attractiveness: Beauty is in the Eye of the Older Beholder

The authors examined ratings of facial attractiveness, rankings of faces, and reasons given by young, middle-aged, and older men and women for young, middle-aged, and older male and female face attractiveness. No support for predictions derived from similarity, interest, and cohort hypotheses was obtained. In support of the expertise hypothesis, young and middle-aged adults rated younger faces as more attractive than old faces, whereas older adults rated all aged faces equally. In support of the crone hypothesis, older female faces were rated the lowest of all faces. Theoretical implications and real-world applications are discussed.     

Learning Under Conditions of Action Information Feedback

Methodological and empirical issues in research on action information feedback (AIF) are discussed, with particular reference to the procedures and results of Annett (1970). Positioning responses practiced under conditions of AIF training are learned, though generally less well than under terminal IF conditions. Effects obtained as a result of AIF training may be subject to variations in movement extent required, gain and other transformations, frequency, temporal locus, and mode of augmentation, many aspects of which remain to be systematically studied.     

The Rorschach Concept Evaluation Technique

The Back Pain Classification Scale (BPCS). identifies patients whose low back pain reflects a primary psychological disturbance. BPCS scores were related to the MMPI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Multiple Affect Adjective Check List, and Social Readjustment Rating Scale scores; to distribution, intensity, and activities affecting pain; and to social characteristics of t 16 patients. High scores on the BPCS (psychological disturbance) are associated with elevated MMPI profiles, and with more widely distributed and more intense pain. Stepwise multiple regression solutions indicate that the MMPI Hypochondriasis (Hs) scale accounts for 15.5% of the variance. No other variable accounts for as much as 3% of the variance. Scores on Hs relate primarily to words in the BPCS psychologically disturbed pole, supplying convergent validity to the BPCS. BPCS scores are unrelated to social characteristics, implying usefulness with the variety of patients seen for evaluation of low back pain.     

Stability of the MCMI Among Depressed Psychiatric Outpatients

The Milton Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) is a promising, yet somewhat unproven psychometric inventory developed to identify clinical syndromes and personality traits consonant with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. [DSM-III]; American Psychiatric Association, 1980). The stability of its measures for both the theoretically more stable personality characteristics and the clinical syndromes was investigated in a group of depressed psychiatric outpatients. In this test-retest design with a 3-month interval between tests, clinical syndrome scales of relevance changed significantly as expected. However, many of the personality scales also changed significantly. Only four of the personality scales met a two-fold test of stability. Findings are discussed in terms of characteristics of self-report inventories such as the MCMI, the uniqueness of the depressed population, and characteristics of personality disorders.     

The Clinical Inference Process and the Role of Theory

Perhaps the most challenging and creative aspect of clinical testing is the clinical inference process, the sequential steps the examiner takes in transforming the raw test data into a clinically relevant testing report. Unfortunately, this part of the testing process has received little attention in the testing literature. In this article, the specific steps in the inferential process are outlined. In addition, the ways in which theory enter into the inferential process are also discussed.     

Heroin Addicts' Views of Commonly Abused Drugs: A Semantic Differential Approach

52 heroin addicts were given a form of the Semantic Differential asking for their perceptions of heroin, methadone, LSD, amphetamines and marijuana. Marijuana was viewed most favorably, heroin least favorably. Views of heroin and marijuana were positively correlated; but not so heroin and methadone. There was a positive relationship between length of time on methadone maintenance and the potency score for heroin.