Work and community

Conclusion I have argued that research and action in the world of work can be a central concern and a major opportunity for community psychologists. Work is central to well being and identity. It is an arena of rapid and turbulent social change where our values are expressed and lived out. Furthermore, work is not a separate life domain, but interpenetrates family and community life. Work is a source of the psychological sense of community and can be made more so. Experiences at work can spill over to family and community and vice versa. Recognizing the myriad paths of this interdependence is an ecological insight that has the possibility of real consequences for well being in our communities. We have only to act on our insight.This article is based on the Presidential Address for Division 27, Community Psychology, of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Canada, August 26, 1984.     

The effects of surface detail on object categorization and naming

Three experiments are reported examining the effects of surface colour and brightness/texture gradients (photographic detail) on object classification and naming. Objects were drawn from classes with either structurally similar or structurally dissimilar exemplars. In Experiment 1a, object naming was facilitated by both congruent surface colour and photographic detail, with the effects of these two variables combining under-additively. In addition incongruent colour disrupted naming accuracy. These effects tended to be larger on objects from structurally similar classes than on objects from structurally dissimilar classes. Experiment 1b examined superordinate classification. There were again advantages due to congruent colour and photographic detail on responses to objects from both structurally similar and structurally dissimilar classes. Incongruent colour disrupted classification accuracy on structurally distinct but not structurally similar items. For structurally similar items, the advantages of congruent surface attributes on classification were smaller than on naming, but this was not the case for structurally dissimilar items. Experiment 2 examined subordinate classification of structurally similar objects. Now effects of congruent and incongruent colour, but not of photographic detail, were found. Experiment 3 showed that congruent and incongruent colour effects occur only when the colours occupy the internal surfaces of objects. The results suggest that surface details can affect object recognition and naming, depending upon: (1) the degree to which objects must be differentiated for a correct response to be made, and (2) the nature of the rate-limiting process determining performance.     

Difficulties of permanent commitment in religious life today

Conclusion In this article I have not attempted to make any practical suggestions for the counselor. The possible choices for the individuals in these situations vary greatly; rather I hope I have been of some help to those counselors interested in gaining a better understanding of some of the theory and change dynamics behind the conflicts of their clients. As a concluding note I should point out that many of the dynamics analyzed inThe Greening of America (e.g., levels of consciousness and the difficulty of changing except through personal experience of certain values),⁴⁰ and inFuture Shock (e.g., the pain of constant, radical, and fast change)⁴¹ can certainly be applied to the changes going on in the church and in religious communities and the structure of the priesthood. Donald A. Price, m. ed., with a diploma in liturgical studies, St. André, Bruges, Belgium, has been Residence Hall Director at Wisconsin State University, Stevens Point, for the past two years. He has spent several years as a teacher and chaplain in a high school, in adult education, parish work, and counseling nuns. Having been ordained a Benedictine priest in 1965, he left the active ministry in 1969 and married a former nun in 1971. He is beginning his work toward a Ph.D. in marriage and family counseling at Florida State University, Tallahassee.     

Person–Situation Interaction in Adaptive Emotional Functioning

Two studies applied a person–situation model to examine the effect of emotional affordances of situations. Participants rated their emotional functioning as more extensive in situations classified as being high in emotional affordance than those classified as low in emotional affordance. Participants who scored higher on the individual difference characteristic of emotional intelligence were more interested in entering high emotional affordance situations than were individuals lower in emotional intelligence, and participants who scored higher on emotional intelligence were rated by others as being more successful in high emotional affordance situations than individuals lower in emotional intelligence. These results provide preliminary evidence that the interaction between emotional intelligence and situations may influence emotional functioning.