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81.
Hostile attributional biases in severely aggressive adolescents 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Adolescent boys (N = 128) from a maximum security prison for juvenile offenders were administered a task to assess hostile attributional biases. As hypothesized, these biases were positively correlated with undersocialized aggressive conduct disorder (as indicated by high scores on standardized scales and by psychiatric diagnoses), with reactive-aggressive behavior, and with the number of interpersonally violent crimes committed. Hostile attributional biases were found not to relate to nonviolent crimes or to socialized aggressive behavior disorder. These findings held even when race and estimates of intelligence and socioeconomic status were controlled. These findings suggest that within a population of juvenile offenders, attributional biases are implicated specifically in interpersonal reactive aggression that involves anger and not in socialized delinquency. 相似文献
82.
83.
Recall of time-related and non time-related verbal material by indigenous Papua New Guinean and expatriate European schoolchildren was compared, using a technique reported by Deregowski (1970). At Grade 2 level, the expatriate sample performed significantly better on time-related items, but there was no difference between the groups on the non-temporal items. A further study was conducted with Grade 4 subjects at Waigani multi-racial school and no difference was found between indigenous and expatriate subjects. Grade 4 students at Kila-Kila indigenous school performed at about the same level as Waigani Grade 2 subjects. The results were compared with those reported from Zambia by Deregowski. 相似文献
84.
85.
The role of the family in the development of Machiavellianism was examined in this study. High- and low-Machiavellian sixth graders played a bluffing game. Their parents completed Machiavellian belief measures. The Machiavellianism of fathers and mothers was positively related to their children's success at deceiving others but not at seeing through others' attempts at deception. In addition, fathers' Machiavellianism was positively related to their children's Machiavellian beliefs. These data support a modeling hypothesis for the development of Machiavellianism. Unexpectedly, the children's own behaviors and beliefs were unrelated. This pattern of results suggests that a child's manipulative behaviors and beliefs are learned separately and only become consistent over time. 相似文献
86.
Zillmann’s (1978, 1983) excitation transfer theory was tested in relation to arousal processes opposite in hedonic valence.
Sixty female subjects, randomly assigned to six experimental conditions, were initially exposed either to arousal stimulation
positive in hedonic valence (sexual humor), or to arousal stimulation negative in hedonic valence (insulting remarks), or
to a neutral unarousing task. In each condition, half of the subjects rated mildly arousing positively valenced male models’
photographs on several scales either immediately or with a 4 minute delay following prior arousal. In support of Zillmann’s
theory, subjects in the positive hedonic arousal condition gave significantly lower photograph ratings on the arousal-related
scales at the immediate, than at the delayed, rating time. However, contrary to Zillmann’s theory, the pattern of these ratings
was reversed in the negative hedonic arousal condition, with the significantly higher ratings at the immediate, rather than
delayed, rating time. Also, there were significant differences in these ratings among all three conditions both at the immediate
and at the delayed rating time, but, as predicted, no significant differences were obtained for these ratings between the
rating times in the control unarousing condition. The differences in excitation transfer between arousal processes positive
and negative in hedonic valence may be due to their differences on a temporal dimension with regard to the speed of accumulation
and the speed of dissipation of each arousal type. 相似文献
87.
88.
Job seeking, reemployment, and mental health: a randomized field experiment in coping with job loss 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cognitive theories of adherence to difficult courses of action and findings from previous survey research on coping with a major life event--job loss--were used to generate a preventive intervention, tested by a randomized field experiment. The aim was to prevent poor mental health and loss of motivation to seek reemployment among those who continued to be unemployed and to promote high-quality reemployment. Ss were 928 recently unemployed adults from southeastern Michigan, representing a broad range of demographic characteristics; they were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control condition. The experimental intervention included training in job seeking with a problem-solving process emphasizing inoculation against setbacks and positive social reinforcement. A pretest was administered, followed by posttests 1 and 4 months after the experiment. The experimental condition yielded higher quality reemployment in terms of earnings and job satisfaction, and higher motivation among those who continued to be unemployed. 相似文献
89.
90.
Eye aiming behavior during the solution of visual patterns 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1