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201.
Douglas Pratt 《Sophia》2007,46(3):245-261
Interreligious dialogue does not take place in a vacuum, nor is it a matter of casual conversation. Dialogue is a contested
phenomenon, advocated and embraced on one hand, eschewed and discarded on the other. By way of an exploration of the fact
of plurality, the notions of modernism and postmodernism, and a brief discussion of select pertinent issues (unity, truth,
and the very idea of theology), the paradigmatic context of pluralism will be critically discussed. Contemporary engagement
in interreligious dialogue and interfaith relations requires to be underpinned by a carefully thought-out conceptualising
of the context in which it can authentically occur. This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of the context of
and for interreligious dialogue.
相似文献
Douglas PrattEmail: |
202.
Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to the finding that targets appearing at previously cued locations are more slowly responded to than targets appearing at previously uncued locations when a relatively long temporal interval occurs between the cue and target. This experiment was conducted to determine whether the magnitude of IOR is influenced by the type of preceding trial (cued or uncued) and/or the location of the cue/target on the previous trial. Although no effect of cue/target location is observed, there was a marked effect of previous trial type, as IOR was greater following an uncued trial relative to a cued trial. This effect was attributable to differences in the response time as a function of previous trial type: specifically, participants were faster to respond to cued and uncued trials when the previous trial type was identical. 相似文献
203.
204.
When a target in the last position of a structured visual array is aimed for, movement times (MTs) are shorter than predicted
by Fitts’s law (Adam, Mol, Pratt, & Fischer, 2006). That study, however, confounded relative target position with absolute
target location. To determine whether target position does, indeed, produce changes in the speed-accuracy trade-off function,
the present experiment manipulated relative target position (e.g., first or last) independently of absolute target location
(e.g., nearest or farthest). This was accomplished by presenting connected placeholders at three adjacent locations from a
set of five possible locations (i.e., the middle location could be the first, middle, or last placeholder position in an array).
The results of a speeded manual-pointing task showed that relative position is important for Fitts’s law; when absolute location
was held constant, shorter MTs were found for last-position than for middle-position targets. In addition, a similar effect
was found for first-position targets. These results suggest that Fitts’s law holds within, but not between, relative target
positions in visible structured arrays. 相似文献
205.
Examining inhibition of return with multiple sequential cues in younger and older adults 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Studies with younger adults have shown that when multiple peripheral cues are presented sequentially, inhibition of return (IOR) occurs at several locations with the greatest IOR at the most recently cued location and the least at the earliest cued location. The inhibitory ability needed to tag multiple locations requires visuospatial working memory, and it is thought that this type of memory may be vulnerable to the effects of aging. The present experiments examined whether older adults would show less IOR at multiple cued locations than younger adults when placeholders were present (Experiment 1) and absent (Experiment 2). Of interest, in both experiments older adults showed an almost identical pattern of IOR, in both magnitude and number of inhibited locations, to that of younger adults. This finding, in conjunction with research on memory-guided saccades, suggests that there may be a form of visuospatial working memory, specific to oculomotor and visual attention processes, that is relatively resistant to the effects of aging. 相似文献
206.
In an exogenous cueing task repeating a non-spatial feature can benefit performance if the feature is task-relevant to a discrimination response. Previous studies reporting this effect have used complex displays. In the current study, we look at the generalizability of this effect, by extending it to a simple exogenous cueing paradigm in which the cue and target displays each consist of single-object onsets. We also investigate the influence of task-relevant and irrelevant features independently within the same experiment. Consistent with previous studies, we find non-spatial feature repetition benefits in all three experiments. Importantly, and unlike previous studies, we find that the most salient, rather than the task-relevant, feature drives the non-spatial feature repetition benefit. Furthermore, in addition to the previously observed non-spatial feature repetition benefits, we also found a spatially specific feature repetition benefit. We argue that these new findings are consistent with habituation accounts of attentional cueing effects. 相似文献
207.
The action effect refers to the finding that faster response times are found when a previously responded to stimulus contains a target item than when it serves as a distracting item in a visual search. The action effect has proven robust to a number of perceptual and attentional manipulations, but the mechanisms underlying it remain unclear. In the current study, we present two experiments investigating a possible underlying mechanism of the action effect; that responding to a stimulus increases its attentional weight causing the system to prioritize it in the visual search. In Experiment 1, we presented the search stimulus in isolation and found no evidence of an action effect. Thus, when there was no requirement for prioritization, there was no action effect. In Experiment 2, we tested whether stimulus-based priming (rather than the action) can account for the observed validity effects. We found no evidence of a priming effect when there were never any actions. These findings are consistent with the biased competition hypothesis and provide a framework for explaining the action effect while also ruling out other potential explanations such as event file updating. 相似文献
208.
209.
Merryn D. Constable John de Grosbois Tiffany Lung Luc Tremblay Jay Pratt Timothy N. Welsh 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2017,24(3):835-841
When a person executes a movement, the movement is more errorful while observing another person’s actions that are incongruent rather than congruent with the executed action. This effect is known as “motor contagion”. Accounts of this effect are often grounded in simulation mechanisms: increased movement error emerges because the motor codes associated with observed actions compete with motor codes of the goal action. It is also possible, however, that the increased movement error is linked to eye movements that are executed simultaneously with the hand movement because oculomotor and manual-motor systems are highly interconnected. In the present study, participants performed a motor contagion task in which they executed horizontal arm movements while observing a model making either vertical (incongruent) or horizontal (congruent) movements under three conditions: no instruction, maintain central fixation, or track the model’s hand with the eyes. A significant motor contagion-like effect was only found in the ‘track’ condition. Thus, ‘motor contagion’ in the present task may be an artifact of simultaneously executed incongruent eye movements. These data are discussed in the context of stimulation and associative learning theories, and raise eye movements as a critical methodological consideration for future work on motor contagion. 相似文献
210.
The three experiments presented in the paper examine visual prior entry (determining which of two stimuli appeared first)
and prior exit (determining which of two stimuli disappeared first) effects with a temporal order judgment (TOJ) task. In
addition to using onset and offset targets, the preceding cues also consisted of either onset or offset stimuli. Typical,
and equivalent, prior entry effects were found when either onset or offset cues preceded the onset targets. Unexpectedly large
prior exit effects where found with the offset targets, with offset cues producing greater capture effects than onset cues.
These findings are consistent with the notion that more attention is allocated to searching the visual field when targets
are more difficult to find. In addition, the results indicate that attentional control settings may be more likely to occur
with more difficult searches. In addition, these findings demonstrate that TOJ tasks provide extremely precise measures of
the allocation of attention and are very sensitive to a range of task manipulations. 相似文献