Pairings of a Circular Alley with Apomorphine Produce Conditioned Hyperactivity

During training trials, some rats were injected with apomorphine as the unconditioned stimulus immediately before (Group Forward) or 15 min before (Group Backward) exposure to the conditioned stimulus, a circular alley where locomotor activity was measured for 30 min. Rats in the control condition (Group Unpaired) were not injected until 15 min after their removal from the alley. When the rats were later tested in the circular alley without prior administration of the drug, both Groups Forward and Backward were more active than Group Unpaired and thus showed conditioned hyperactivity. During a final test in which all the rats were injected with apomorphine prior to placement in the circular alley, Groups Forward and Backward showed greater apomorphine-induced hyperactivity than Group Unpaired. Although Group Forward was more active than Group Backward during both tests, these differences were not significant. These findings provide further evidence for the modulation of drug effects by Pavlovian conditioning.     

The fee in psychotherapy: Practitioners' accounts

This paper addresses the real and symbolic significance of fee-paying in the psychotherapeutic relationship through the context of available (mostly American) literature in this area and the extent to which the concerns expressed in the literature are reflected in the attitudes of a small sample of psychotherapists in Britain. Therapists were interviewed to establish whether they saw fee-paying as an essential or important element in the therapeutic relationship, whether they saw its presence or absence as affecting process or outcome and whether any counter-transferential issues could be deduced from the way therapists explored their money-relationships with their clients. Analysis of the interviews reflected the debates in the literature and indicated that those who felt most strongly that fee-paying was essential for effective psychotherapy, and that the payment of a fee was symbolically important for their clients, were also those who were most heavily dependent upon fee-paying for their livelihood and who tended to be less likely to express ambivalence about receiving money. Speculations on the basis of this research centre around whether therapists may assert client need in order to defend themselves against or legitimate their own need.     

Acculturation Attitudes in Plural Societies

Dans les sociétés culturellement diversifiés, les individus peuvent présenter des attitudes relatives à leurs relations avec les autres et les groupes. Ces attitudes (dites "attitudes d'acculturation") sont liées à des prises de position sur deux problèmes généraux posés à toute personne en acculturation: la préservation culturelle de son propre groupe et le contact avec les autres groupes. On définit les attitudes d'assimilation, d'intégration, de séparation et de marginalisation, puis on les mesure dans plusieurs groupes en acculturation d'Australie et du Canada (les indigènes, les immigrants et les groupes ethniques implantés). On donne la validité et la fidélité des échelles d'attitude, puis on analyse les relations des échelles entre elles par rapport aux deux problèmes sous-jacents que sont la préservation et le contact. Enfin, quelques-unes des applications pratiques des attitudes d'acculturation sont envisagées.     

Imago Dei – Imitatio Dei

International Journal for Philosophy of Religion -