Hierarchical Position, Gender, Accident Severity, and Causal Attribution

The two studies reported here confirmed the role of the attributor's hierarchical level in causal attributions about accidents in different types of organizations. In both studies, supervisors vs. subordinates had to analyze a minor work accident vs. a serious one. The first study used male vs. female subjects, whereas the second compared the target's position in the same (in-group) vs. different (out-group) hierarchical level as the attributor. In all cases, more internal attributions than external ones were given to explain the accident. These results demonstrate a tendency toward defensive attribution, whereby people tend to protect themselves or their group from blame or prejudice (Shaver, 1970a). This self-protective attribution bias was found to increase with accident severity, particularly in Study 2. The conclusion offers some suggestions for accident analysis and prevention.     

早期胃癌直径、淋巴结微转移与组织E1AF、MMP-7mRNA表达临床研究

早期胃癌内镜下切除的安全性取决于严格的术前分期、肿瘤直径及有无淋巴结转移.研究证实早期胃癌组织分型、肿瘤直径、淋巴结微转移与E1AF、MMP-7mRNA表达具有相关性,并使其具有侵袭转移的生物行为.根据临床病理特征及相关组织内E1AFmRNA、MMp-7mRNA表达选择治疗方式,以获取更好疗效.     

Incorporating Principles from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy into Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Case Example

Although traditional cognitive behavioral treatments for insomnia have demonstrated efficacy for many individuals with primary and comorbid insomnia, not all individuals benefit from treatment and some experience a subsequent relapse of insomnia. Furthermore, many individuals experience difficulty in implementing the sleep restriction and stimulus control strategies, especially over the long-term. The current article describes ways in which principles from a newer type of behavior therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), can be integrated with traditional behavioral treatment strategies for insomnia. A major goal of ACT is to increase willingness to experience unpleasant thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations, and to promote engagement in personally-valued behaviors while non-judgmentally observing these unpleasant experiences. ACT has the potential to enhance the behavioral treatment of insomnia by fostering willingness to experience short-term discomfort (e.g., fatigue) that occurs while implementing sleep restriction and stimulus control strategies. A case example is presented to illustrate how these principles from ACT can be integrated with behavioral techniques in the treatment of insomnia.     

早期胃癌直径、淋巴结微转移与组织E1AF、MMP-7mRNA表达临床研究

早期胃癌内镜下切除的安全性取决于严格的术前分期、肿瘤直径及有无淋巴结转移。研究证实早期胃癌组织分型、肿瘤直径、淋巴结微转移与E1AF、MMP-7mRNA表达具有相关性,并使其具有侵袭转移的生物行为。根据临床病理特征及相关组织内E1AFmRNA、MMP-7mRNA表达选择治疗方式,以获取更好疗效。     

肝病性糖尿病的发病机制及治疗进展

肝源性糖尿病为继发性糖尿病,因肝实质损害而导致,患者以餐后高血糖和葡萄糖耐量减低为特征.发病机制与肝病时肝糖原合成能力降低,胰岛素抵抗有关.治疗原则是改善和保护肝功能,降低高血糖,缓解症状.所以该病在诊治方面与2型糖尿病有很大区别,本文在此综述如下.