排序方式: 共有59条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Polly Crisp 《American journal of psychoanalysis》1987,47(3):250-261
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Saz P. Ahmed Sara Hodsoll Polly Dalton Catherine L. Sebastian 《Cognition & emotion》2018,32(1):207-214
Task-irrelevant emotional expressions are known to capture attention, with the extent of “emotional capture” varying with psychopathic traits in antisocial samples. We investigated whether this variation extends throughout the continuum of psychopathic traits (and co-occurring trait anxiety) in a community sample. Participants (N?=?85) searched for a target face among facial distractors. As predicted, angry and fearful faces interfered with search, indicated by slower reaction times relative to neutral faces. When fear appeared as either target or distractor, diminished emotional capture was seen with increasing affective-interpersonal psychopathic traits. However, moderation analyses revealed that this was only when lifestyle-antisocial psychopathic traits were low, consistent with evidence suggesting that these two facets of psychopathic traits display opposing relationships with emotional reactivity. Anxiety did not show the predicted relationships with emotional capture effects. Findings show that normative variation in high-level individual differences in psychopathic traits influence automatic bias to emotional stimuli. 相似文献
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The presence of a unique yet irrelevantsingleton in visual search or spatial-cuing tasks is typically associated with performance costs, suggesting that singletons tend to
capture attention. However, since singletons have always been spatially separated from targets in previous experiments, it
remains unclear whether an irrelevant visual singleton that occurs at the same spatial location as the target but at a different
point in time can produce temporal capture of attention. Here, we asked participants to search visual sequences at fixation
for targets defined by size (larger or smaller than the nontargets). The presence (vs. absence) of a color singleton lengthened
response times on the size discrimination task, suggesting that irrelevant singletons can lead to a temporal attentional capture. 相似文献
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Edward J. DalyIII Polly M. Hess Mackenzie Sommerhalder Whitney Strong Mallory Johnsen Maureen A. O’Connor Nicholas D. Young 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2016,25(3):275-289
The current two-experiment study examined the effects of a regressive prompt-delay procedure on sight-word reading of four elementary school students. In contrast to traditional progressive prompt-delay procedures in which the latency of prompts is increased, the regressive prompt-delay latency is decreased over time. Data indicate that participants learned sight words quickly and maintained responding at high levels when instruction was withdrawn across both regressive and progressive prompt-delay conditions. Results are discussed in context of empirically supported prompting strategies and possible motivating operations that might be introduced when the learner is instructed to respond more quickly than the experimenter in regressive prompt delay (e.g., a game-like activity that potentially makes the activity educational, engaging, and enjoyable for students). 相似文献
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Elaine?ReeseEmail author Elizabeth?R.?Peterson Karen?Waldie Johanna?Schmidt Dinusha?Bandara Polly?Atatoa?Carr Cameron?Grant Jan?Pryor Susan?M.B.?Morton 《Journal of child and family studies》2016,25(12):3657-3674
Parents’ aspirations shape children’s development. In this study, over 6700 pregnant women and over 4300 of their partners from the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort responded to a question about their hopes, dreams, and expectations for their unborn children. Responses were coded according to a Maslowian hierarchy of needs. Mothers and their partners predominantly mentioned self-actualization and physiological aspirations for their unborn children, but their responses varied as a function of parental ethnicity and level of educational achievement and less so as a function of socioeconomic status. Mothers of European ethnicity, and parents with higher levels of educational achievement, mentioned more aspirations for their children—especially for self-actualization and belonging—than mothers of non-European ethnicity and parents with lower levels of educational achievement. These findings are discussed with respect to Maslowian theory and cultural developmental theories, and in terms of understanding the aspirations of parents from diverse backgrounds. 相似文献
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Understanding culture across species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Byrne RW Barnard PJ Davidson I Janik VM McGrew WC Miklósi A Wiessner P 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2004,8(8):341-346
Recent claims of culture in great apes have provoked fervent argument about the 'true' definition of culture, most of which has been unhelpful. Instead, a range of definitions should be used to explore different aspects of the cognitive processes that together result in human culture, many of which can be productively studied in non-humans. A richer cognitive account of the contents of culture needs to be developed and used to compare animal and human cultures, instead of sterile searching for a cognitive Rubicon between them. Exploring six views of culture, this article highlights the fundamental contrast of whether culture evolves as a by-product of cumulative change in cognitive mechanisms, or whether it is actively selected for its advantages. 相似文献