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41.
Yves Caubet Pierre Jaisson Alain Lenoir 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》1992,44(3):165-178
This review illustrates the role of preimaginal experiences in four main aspects of insect life: feeding, habitat choice, host selection, and social relationships. After an illustration of the two former aspects with examples taken from various species, special attention is paid to the two latter aspects. First, an experiment is described, which demonstrates the existence of preimaginal induction involved in host selection by the solitary parasitoid wasp Dinarmus basalis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Then, a review of preimaginal induction in ants' behaviour is presented; orientation of social behaviour, particularly altruism, is mainly determined by preimaginal imprinting. All the examples developed in this review clearly show that insects can no longer be considered as strictly, rigidly “pre-programmed” beings. Their complex behavioural development and plasticity is clearly documented. 相似文献
42.
Fr d ric Vall e-Tourangeau A.G. Baker Pierre Mercier 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》1994,47(2):151-171
In two experiments, humans were asked to judge the strength of a moderate contingency between a cue and an outcome in the presence of a second strong contingency between another cue and the outcome. The first experiment replicated the discounting effect whereby a strong contingency causes subjects to reduce or discount judgements of a moderate contingency. This experiment used a video-game procedure in which subjects camouflaged a tank to make it safe from mines. The second causal cue was the presence or absence of a spotter plane. Experiment 1 also ruled out the possibility that judgements might be determined by the number of co-occurrences of the cue and outcome as opposed to the level of contingency. The second experiment used an abstract scenario in which discounting was demonstrated when subjects were asked to judge the relationship between the occurrence of geometric objects. The instructions were neutral to discourage causal hypotheses. These results support the notion that judgements result from associative or connectionist processes and not from a two-step cognitive retrospective process in which an estimate of covariation is calculated between cue and outcome and then in a second step this information is used in a normative manner when a decision is made. 相似文献
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The author describes "higher" and "uniquely human" sociocognitive skills that he argues as being necessary for tool use. We propose that those skills could be based on simpler detection systems humans could share with other animal tool users. More specifically, we discuss the impact of object affordances on the understanding and the social learning of tool use. 相似文献
47.
Shulamis Juni Pollak 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(4):796-805
One hundred and thirty-six Orthodox Jews responded to questions about their family background, disability attitudes, and their
participation in genetic counseling and testing. Findings showed that only birth order and the presence of a disabled family
member correlated with increased chances of an individual going for genetic counseling/testing. Results are discussed in the
context of the contemporary sociology of Orthodox Judaism, with a particular focus on better understanding the experience
of having a disabled family member. 相似文献
48.
We describe an ontology of philosophy that is designed to aid navigation through philosophical literature, including literature
in the form of encyclopedia articles and textbooks and in both printed and digital forms. The ontology is designed also to
serve integration and structuring of data pertaining to the philosophical literature, and in the long term also to support
reasoning about the provenance and contents of such literature, by providing a representation of the philosophical domain
that is oriented around what philosophical literature is about. 相似文献
49.
John H. Porcerelli William Murdoch Pierre Morris Shannon Fowler 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2014,21(3):291-296
This study assessed the validity of the Patient–Doctor Relationship Questionnaire-9 (PDRQ-9) in a primary care sample (N = 180). Convergent validity was assessed through a correlation between the patient-rated PDRQ-9 and the physician-rated Difficult Doctor Patient Relationship Questionnaire-10 (DDPRQ-10). Discriminant validity was assessed through correlations between the PDRQ-9 and patient age, patient- and physician-reported health and psychological distress. To determine if the PDRQ-9 could discriminate between groups, patient PDRQ-9 ratings were compared between patients who were treated by faculty physicians versus those who were treated by residents. An exploratory factor analysis confirmed that the PDRQ-9 was made up of a single factor. The PDRQ-9 scale was internally consistent (α = .96) and significantly and negatively correlated with the DDPRQ-10 (r = ?.22, p = .003) and was not significantly correlated with patient age, health, or psychological distress. PDRQ-9 ratings were statistically greater in patients who were treated by faculty physicians than those who were treated by residents (p = .01). This study provides additional support for the reliability and validity of the PDRQ-9 as a measure of the doctor–patient relationship in a primary care sample. 相似文献
50.
Hoffmann Alexandra Maran Thomas Grünbaum Tilman Liegl Simon Lobis Ulrich Sachse Pierre 《Motivation and emotion》2022,46(2):291-291
Motivation and Emotion - Mourning constitutes an important human emotion, which might cause—among other things—major depressive symptoms when lasting for too long. To date, no study... 相似文献