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61.
H.?Isabella?LanzaEmail author Deborah?A.?G.?Drabick 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(1):83-94
Although child impulsivity is associated with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, few studies have examined whether
family processes moderate this association. To address this gap, we tested whether child-reported family routine moderated
the relation between child hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and ODD symptoms among a sample of low-income, urban, ethnic-minority
children (N = 87, 51% male). Child HI and ODD symptoms were assessed using parent and teacher reports. HI also was indexed by a laboratory
task. Family routine was assessed using child self-report. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that family routine
moderated child HI. Among children with higher levels of teacher-reported HI symptoms, lower levels of family routine were
associated with higher levels of teacher-reported ODD symptoms compared to children with lower levels of teacher-reported
HI symptoms. Children who self-reported higher levels of family routine were rated as low on teacher-reported ODD symptoms,
regardless of teacher-reported HI levels. Parent report and laboratory measures of child HI did not produce significant interactions.
Lower levels of family routine may confer risk for ODD symptoms among low-income, urban, ethnic-minority children experiencing
higher levels of HI. 相似文献
62.
Introduction
In the present study we tested whether control over the impact of potentially conflicting information depends on awareness of that conflicting information. 相似文献63.
64.
To shed light on the notion of enduring individual infant characteristics, convergence of three presumably interrelated measures of infant individuality was examined. Data collected included standardized behavioral assessments of the newborn (NBAS), maternal reports of infant temperament (at 3 and 9 months), and naturalistic observations of infant behavior at 1, 3, and 9 months. Infant temperament reports were significantly stable from 3 to 9 months; observed infant fussiness was significantly stable from 1 to 3 and 3 to 9 months; observed altertness/social responsiveness was not stable over time. Analyses of convergence of neonatal and infant behavior revealed that 9-month infant alertness/social responsiveness was significantly correlated with neonatal habituation. Similar analyses of neonatal behavior and reported temperament revealed that 3-month reported dullness was significantly correlated with neonatal habituation and range of state. At 9 months, temperament ratings of infant fussiness and unpredictability were significantly correlated with autonomic stability; fussiness was also significantly correlated with regulation of state. Finally, no significant relationships were observed between reported temperament and observed infant behavior. These results fail to support a simple notion of enduring individuality in infants over their first year of life. 相似文献
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Isabella E. Romero Nasreen Toorabally Anthony M. Tarescavage David M. Glassmire 《Journal of personality assessment》2017,99(4):351-362
Contemporary models of psychopathology—encompassing internalizing, externalizing, and thought dysfunction factors—have gained significant support. Although research indicates the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI–2–RF; Ben-Porath &; Tellegen, 2008/2011) measures these domains of psychopathology, this study addresses extant limitations in MMPI–2–RF diagnostic validity research by examining associations between all MMPI–2–RF substantive scales and broad dichotomous indicators of internalizing, externalizing, and thought dysfunction diagnoses in a sample of 1,110 forensic inpatients. Comparing those with and without internalizing diagnoses, notable effects were observed for Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism–Revised (NEGE-r), Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction (EID), Dysfunctional Negative Emotions (RC7), Demoralization (RCd), and several other internalizing and somatic/cognitive scales. Comparing those with and without thought dysfunction diagnoses, the largest hypothesized differences occurred for Thought Dysfunction (THD), Aberrant Experiences (RC8), and Psychoticism–Revised (PSYC-r), although unanticipated differences were observed on internalizing and interpersonal scales, likely reflecting the high prevalence of internalizing dysfunction in forensic inpatients not experiencing thought dysfunction. Comparing those with and without externalizing diagnoses, the largest effects were for Substance Abuse (SUB), Antisocial Behavior (RC4), Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction (BXD), Juvenile Conduct Problems (JCP), and Disconstraint–Revised (DISC-r). Multivariate models evidenced similar results. Findings support the construct validity of MMPI–2–RF scales as measures of internalizing, thought, and externalizing dysfunction. 相似文献
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Isabella Soscia Simona Girolamo Bruno Busacca 《Journal of business and psychology》2010,25(1):109-118
Purpose
Comparative advertising is seen as an effective means of conveying the differentiating advantages of a brand. Nevertheless, several studies show that a primary effect of comparative advertising is to lead consumers to associate the advertised brand with the competitor brand identified within the ad: it seems that comparison generates perceived similarity among brands instead of differentiation, per se. In order to clarify the issue, the aim of the research is to investigate the relative effectiveness of comparative and non-comparative advertising in communicating the differentiating attributes of a brand. 相似文献69.
Gaze following refers to the ability of an animal to orient its gaze direction to that of another organism. Such a behavior
may be adaptive as it alerts the observer to important objects in the environment such as food or predators. This behavior
has been shown in mammals and birds, but the evolutionary history and the distribution of this behavior throughout the animal
kingdom remain unclear. Here, we show that a reptile, the red-footed tortoise (Geochelone carbonaria), is able to follow the gaze of a conspecific in a lookup task. Controls revealed that neither the mere presence of a conspecific
nor the presentation of a light stimulus (without a demonstrator present) controlled the tortoises’ behavior. The findings
indicate that the ability to follow gaze may be found in mammals, birds and reptiles and could have evolved before the amniotic
line diverged, or may result from a general ability to learn. 相似文献
70.
Isabella Meneghel Marisa Salanova Isabel M. Martínez 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2016,17(1):239-255
This study investigated the relationship between collective positive emotions at work and team resilience, expanding on the Broaden and Build theory of Fredrickson (Rev Gen Psychol 2:300–319, 1998; Am Psychol 56:218–226, 2001) at the collective (i.e., work teams) level of analysis. Through the aggregate scores of 1,076 employees (61 % men), grouped into 216 teams and belonging to 40 companies, five collective positive emotions were evaluated (i.e., enthusiasm, optimism, satisfaction, comfort, and relaxation) as well as team resilience. Additionally, ratings of the 216 supervisors of the teams were used to assess team performance (i.e., in- and extra-role performance). Structural equation modeling at the team level of analysis indicated that team resilience mediates the relationship between collective positive emotions and team performance, both in- and extra-role. The results highlight the importance of developing collective positive emotions to help teams to foster team resilience and improve their performance. The article concludes with practical strategies aimed at developing collective positive emotions, together with limitations and suggestions for future research. 相似文献