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981.
Jessica A. Pass Siegwart M. Lindenberg Justin H. Park 《European journal of social psychology》2010,40(2):221-234
Self‐esteem has been proposed to serve as a sociometer, a gauge of one's value as a relationship partner. Based on evolutionary reasoning, we hypothesized that the sociometer is particularly sensitive to “capacity rejection” in the mating domain. Capacity rejection implies that one has low potential to be an acceptable mate now and in the future. In Study 1, participants received no feedback or negative feedback regarding their capacity for being an acceptable mate or friend. Although participants in both mate and friend conditions felt rejected, only those in the mate condition exhibited significantly lower state self‐esteem. In Study 2, we examined sex differences in attributes relevant to mate capacity. Participants were given no feedback or negative feedback regarding their capacity as a mate: Some were told that their low mate capacity is due to their physical attractiveness whereas others were told it is due to their competence and status. Among men, state self‐esteem was lower only after competence and status‐based rejection; among women, state self‐esteem was lower only after physical attractiveness‐based rejection. In both studies, additional results revealed that even while self‐esteem decreased, positive beliefs about the self were maintained, suggesting that feelings and beliefs about the self react differently to rejection. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
982.
ABSTRACT The idiothetic structure of interpersonal trait perceptions was examined as it moderated the interpersonal rigidity–psychological well‐being relation. The focus was on the extent to which individuals' perceptions of the similarity of interpersonal behavior fits (i.e., adhered to) the normative interpersonal circle. In two samples of college students, individual differences in adherence to the interpersonal circle moderated the relation of interpersonal rigidity with various indices of psychological well‐being. We found that those individuals whose perceptions of interpersonal traits were better represented by the interpersonal circle had negative relations between interpersonal rigidity and satisfaction with life, self‐confidence, self‐liking, and complementarity and positive relations with interpersonal problems. The results suggest that adherence to the interpersonal circle may be a new means of viewing traitedness and that cognitive interpretation of traits may have an important moderating function. 相似文献
983.
Shannon P. Lupien Mark D. Seery Jessica L. Almonte 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(6):1105-1108
Discrepant high self-esteem (i.e., high explicit and low implicit self-esteem) has been associated with a number of defensive behaviors. This study investigated the use of behavioral self-handicapping as a preemptive defensive strategy among those with discrepant high self-esteem. Participants were told that an upcoming test of an important ability was only diagnostic of either exceptionally high or very low skills (i.e., only success or failure was diagnostic of ability) and were given the opportunity to behaviorally self-handicap by selecting from a range of performance-detracting versus neutral music choices. Results showed that when success was diagnostic, participants with discrepant high self-esteem engaged in significantly greater behavioral self-handicapping than other participants. This suggests that (1) the defensiveness of those with discrepant high self-esteem extends to the use of preemptive strategies such as self-handicapping, and (2) this defensiveness is triggered when the situation provides a test of exceptionally high ability. 相似文献
984.
A common type of interaction with the environment is reaching to move an object from one location to another. We investigated
the influence of spatial stimulus–response (S–R) compatibility effects on the planning of such multi-reach actions. Participants
responded to a cue on their left or right side by picking up a bean (initial reach) and then placing it in a container (goal
reach). In three experiments, the initial reach and the goal reach were varied so that both reaches were to opposite sides
(Exp 1), the initial reach was neutral (Exp 2), and both the initial and goal reaches were on the same side (Exp 3). The participants’
reaction time to begin the initial reach was measured. Results showed that the spatial compatibility between the cue and both
the initial and goal reaches contribute to the reaction time, with the relation between the cue and the initial reach playing
a dominant role. 相似文献
985.
Laurel A. McNall Jessica M. Nicklin Aline D. Masuda 《Journal of business and psychology》2010,25(3):381-396
Purpose
This study investigated the relationship between work-to-family enrichment (WFE) and family-to-work enrichment (FWE) with work-related, non work-related, and health-related consequences using meta-analysis.Design/methodology/approach
We conducted a meta-analytic review of 21 studies (54 correlations) for WFE and 25 studies (57 correlations) for FWE.Findings
We found that both WFE and FWE were positively related to job satisfaction, affective commitment, and family satisfaction but not turnover intentions. WFE was more strongly related to work-related variables, whereas FWE was more strongly related to non work-related variables. We also found that both WFE and FWE were positively related to physical and mental health. Additionally, relationships appear to depend on moderating variables including the proportion of women in the sample as well as the construct label (e.g., enrichment, facilitation, positive spillover).Implications
Our work indicates that organizations need to consider ways to not only reduce conflict, but also increase enrichment, which will drive many important outcome variables.Originality/value
This is the first meta-analysis on the positive side of the work–family interface. 相似文献986.
Links Between Disorganized Attachment Classification and Clinical Symptoms in School-Aged Children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jessica L. Borelli Daryn H. David Michael J. Crowley Linda C. Mayes 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(3):243-256
Research examining the links between disorganized attachment and clinical symptoms largely has neglected middle childhood
due to lack of available measurement tools. The few studies that have examined these links in other developmental phases have
found higher clinical symptoms in disorganized individuals. Our study extended this research by using a recently-developed
attachment interview measure ideally suited to evaluate disorganized attachment in middle childhood. We examined concurrent
associations among disorganized attachment in 8–12 year old children and symptoms of psychopathology theoretically hypothesized
for their links with disorganized attachment. Using child- and parent-reports, we measured symptoms of depression, social
anxiety, shyness, inattention, and thought problems. During our two-session study, 97 children completed the Child Attachment
Interview, and children and parents completed clinical questionnaires. Results suggested that disorganized attachment was
associated with higher child reports of depressive symptoms and shyness, and with parent-reports of social anxiety, inattention,
and thought problems, and that disorganized children are more likely to have symptoms that meet clinical criteria. Implications
for the relation of attachment to psychopathology are discussed. 相似文献
987.
Yexin Jessica Li Adam B. Cohen Jason Weeden Douglas T. Kenrick 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(2):428-431
It has been presumed that religiosity has an influence on mating behavior, but here we experimentally investigate the possibility that mating behavior might also influence religiosity. In Experiment 1, people reported higher religiosity after looking at mating pools consisting of attractive people of their own sex compared to attractive opposite sex targets. Experiment 2 replicated the effect with an added control group, and suggested that both men and women become more religious when seeing same-sex competitors. We discuss several possible explanations for these effects. Most broadly, the findings contribute to an emerging literature on how cultural phenomena such as religiosity respond to ecological cues in potentially functional ways. 相似文献
988.
Seufert JK 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2010,64(4):13.1-13.2
989.
J. Farley Norman Amanda M. Beers Jessica S. Holmin Andalexandria M. Boswell 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2010,72(6):1569-1575
A single experiment evaluated observers’ ability to visually discriminate 3-D object shape, where the 3-D structure was defined by motion, texture, Lambertian shading, and occluding contours. The observers’ vision was degraded to varying degrees by blurring the experimental stimuli, using 2.0-, 2.5-, and 3.0-diopter convex lenses. The lenses reduced the observers’ acuity from ?0.091 LogMAR (in the no-blur conditions) to 0.924 LogMAR (in the conditions with the most blur; 3.0-diopter lenses). This visual degradation, although producing severe reductions in visual acuity, had only small (but significant) effects on the observers’ ability to discriminate 3-D shape. The observers’ shape discrimination performance was facilitated by the objects’ rotation in depth, regardless of the presence or absence of blur. Our results indicate that accurate global shape discrimination survives a considerable amount of retinal blur. 相似文献
990.
Paula P. Schnurr Avron Spiro III Melanie J. Vielhauer Marianne N. Findler Jessica L. Hamblen 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》2002,8(3):175-187
Research on the prevalence of traumatic exposure has tended to focus on younger populations, limiting our knowledge about trauma and its effects in older adults. In this study, lifetime trauma exposure was assessed in a sample of 436 male military veterans of World War II and the Korean Conflict (age 59–92). A clinician-administered screening measure, the Brief Trauma Interview, was developed to assess lifetime exposure to 10 categories of trauma using DSM-IV criteria. PTSD was assessed in interview and questionnaires. Despite a high prevalence of trauma exposure, symptom levels were relatively low. Few men met criteria for current or lifetime PTSD. Secondary analyses found that lifetime symptom severity was higher in men who met the DSM-IV A.2 criterion, in contrast with men who did not meet A.2. Findings indicate that trauma is highly prevalent among older men, although many may be asymptomatic. 相似文献