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471.
The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to measure adjustment of teenagers at soccer training centers, particularly newcomers. The Soccer Trainee Adjustment Scale was adapted from the Institutional Integration Scale and assesses the trainee's adjustment to operating and social activities. The scale was tested on a sample of 136 trainees from four soccer centers. Exploratory analysis indicated that the 13 items formed five factors: peer adjustment, boarding supervisor adjustment, soccer adjustment, scholastic adjustment, and boarding adjustment. These factors had internal consistency reliability ranging from .76 to .94. 相似文献
472.
Thomas G. Plante 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(4):429-444
There has been a remarkable amount of interest in the relationship among spirituality, religion, psychology, and health of
late. Contemporary interest in spirituality and religion is hot among not only the general population but among professionals
in the mental and physical health disciplines. While most people believe in God and consider themselves to be spiritual, religious,
or both, most mental health professionals have little if any training in this area. Psychologists can use spiritual and religious
principles and tools to better serve their clients even if they do not share the same religious interests. The purpose of
this article is to offer thirteen spiritual and religious tools common among all of the major religious traditions that can
be used by contemporary professional psychologists in clinical practice to enhance the already high quality professional services
that they provide. Examples of spiritually and religiously integrated treatment along with several ethical precautions are
noted as well.
This article is based on book project by Plante currently in press. 相似文献
473.
We assessed the effect of suggestion on the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm and associated it with the Remember–Know–Guess paradigm. Undergraduate students were given either lists of semantically related words or texts containing these words. After the recall task, if participants did not produce the critical lure, the experimenter suggested that the word had been present, using either a question (moderate suggestion) or an assertion (strong suggestion); these conditions were compared to a condition without suggestion. Afterwards, participants took a recognition test. The results showed that strong suggestions lead to more false recognitions than other conditions and the state of consciousness associated with false recognitions tends to be a feeling of knowing rather than remembering, regardless of the verbal version (list or text). Therefore moderate suggestions did not lead to more false recognitions compare to no suggestion. We discuss the impact of suggestion on consciousness associated with false memories. 相似文献
474.
Dorval M Bouchard K Maunsell E Plante M Chiquette J Camden S Dugas MJ Simard J;INHERIT BRCAs 《Journal of genetic counseling》2008,17(4):314-326
The study objective was to compare breast cancer screening practices, lifestyle behaviors and psychological distress among 640 women initiating BRCA1/2 testing to those among 9,498 similarly-aged women from the general population. Health behaviors and psychological distress were reported in a self-administered questionnaire at pre-test genetic counseling. Regression analyses indicate that high-risk women were more frequently performing breast cancer screening and, in the case of those previously diagnosed with cancer, were more likely to be non-smokers and physically active than women from general population. However, women initiating BRCA1/2 testing were significantly more distressed than controls. Globally, high-risk women seemed to be well informed about recommendations for women who are at high risk and to have access to screening adapted to their risk level. Given their significant psychological distress, providing minimal psychosocial support to all women undergoing BRCA1/2 testing at pre-test genetic counseling is relevant. 相似文献
475.
Using the two fundamental dimensions of social judgment, warmth and competence, we show that, contrary to general models of impression formation, negative information on one dimension has positive consequences on the way a target is judged on the other dimension. Participants learned about two groups which were either congruent on warmth and competence (one group high on both and the other low on both) or they were compensatory (one group high on warmth and low on competence, the other high on competence and low on warmth). Our results show that in the compensatory condition, the groups were rated more extremely than in the congruent condition and that this was especially the case for the dimension on which the groups were high. Results are discussed both in terms of how they run counter to traditional theories of impression formation and what they tell us about the fundamental dimensions of social judgment. 相似文献
476.
Thomas G. Plante 《Pastoral Psychology》2009,58(1):73-78
The casual observer of the religious traditions cannot get a very good impression when attending to the daily news. One might
easily conclude that much of the troubles in the world today are caused by religious conflicts and the inability of the religious
communities to get along. Sometimes, it appears that the planet would be better off without religion at all. Tragically, most
of the general population are perhaps religious illiterates who focus on religious differences and conflicts rather than similarities
and what they offer at their best. While there are a number of efforts by scholars and others to improve interfaith respect
and conversation, our world would be better off if we focused on the best the religious traditions have to offer rather than
the worst as well as respecting and being open to traditions other than our own. This could be accomplished if religious education
and training were greatly altered. 相似文献
477.
Michaël Dambrun Rodolphe Kamiejski Nicolas Haddadi Sandra Duarte 《European journal of social psychology》2009,39(1):88-100
Why does university exposure to a hierarchy‐attenuating (HA) academic major (e.g., social science) lead to a decrease in anti‐egalitarianism and group domination (social dominance orientation, SDO)? The reason for this well‐documented phenomenon remains unclear. In the social sciences, the origins of differences in both behavior and personality are attributed more to social and environmental factors than to genetic ones. We hypothesized that the normative and informational influences of this academic major would lead to perceptions that genes have a less important role than nurture in the shaping of human behavior and personality. Our main hypothesis was confirmed. Decreased SDO among psychology students was mediated significantly by a decrease in belief in genetic determinism, the factor we called “geneticism.” Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
478.
Fin swimming performance can be divided into underwater and surface water races. World records are about 10% faster for underwater swimming vs. surface swimming, but little is known about the advantage of underwater swimming for monofin swimming. Some authors reported that the air–water interface influences the kinematics and leads to a narrow vertical amplitude of the fin. On the one hand, surface swimming is expected to affect drag parameters (cross-sectional area (S) and active drag (AD)) when compared to underwater swimming. On the other hand, the surface swimming technique may also affect efficiency (ηF). The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate and compare drag parameters and efficiency during underwater and surface swimming. To this end, 12 international level monofin swimmers were measured during both underwater and surface swimming. Kinematic parameters (both dimensional and non-dimensional), ηF (calculated according to the Elongated-Body Theory), and AD (computed with Velocity Perturbation Method) were calculated for an underwater and a surface fin swimming trial, performed at maximal speed. As expected, results showed significantly lower velocities during surface swimming vs. underwater = 2.5 m s−1 vs. = 2.36 m s−1, p < .01). Velocities during underwater and surface swimming were strongly correlated (r = .97, p < .01). Underwater swimming was also associated with higher vertical amplitudes of the fin compared to surface swimming ( = 0.55 m vs. ) = 0.46 m, p < .01). Length-specific amplitudes (Aunder/Lb) were in the order of 20% during underwater swimming as for undulating fish, and significantly higher than during surface swimming (Asurf/Lb = 17%, p < .01). Efficiency for surface swimming was about 6% lower than for underwater swimming ( = 0.79 vs. = 0.74, p < .01). This decrease could be associated with an increase in swimming frequency for surface swimming ( = 2.15 Hz vs. = 2.08 Hz, p < .01). Active drag during surface swimming was about 7% higher than for underwater swimming ( = 78.9 N vs. = 84.7 N, p < .01). A significantly smaller cross-sectional area for surface swimming ( = 0.053 m2 vs. = 0.044 m2, p < .01) and higher drag coefficient for surface swimming ( = 0.47 vs. = 0.69, p < .01) were measured. Finally, correlation between cross-sectional area and vertical amplitude of the fin was reported for both underwater and surface swimming. These results suggest that the performance improvement during underwater swimming is not only linked to a wave drag reduction effect but also to a specific swimming technique due to the free surface. 相似文献
479.
This study shows that sensory priming facilitates reports of same-modality concepts in an attentional blink paradigm. Participants had to detect and report two target words (T1 and T2) presented for 53 ms each among a series of nonwords distractors at a frequency of up to 19 items per second. SOA between target words was set to 53 ms or 213 ms, with reduced attention expected for T2 under the longer SOA (attentional blink) and for T1 under the shorter SOA (lag-1 sparing). These effects were found but reduced when the sensory modality of the concepts matched that of a sensory stimulation occurring prior to the detection trial. Hence, sensory activation increased report for same-modality concepts. This finding reveals that grounded cognition effects (1) are involved in conceptual processing as soon as a word has reached the point of lexical identification and (2) occur independent of intentional access to sensory properties of concepts. 相似文献
480.
Witthöft M Sander N Süss HM Wittmann WW 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2009,16(2):133-163
According to the inhibition-deficit hypothesis age differences in working memory capacity and fluid intelligence have been attributed to a decline in inhibitory efficiency. Conceptualizing inhibition as multifaceted, 88 participants (49 younger and 39 elderly) completed two versions of the negative priming paradigm (identification and localization), and two variants of the directed forgetting paradigm (listwise and itemwise). Two tasks of the Wechsler Intelligence Test with high loadings on general fluid intelligence (Gf) served as validation criteria. Results revealed task-specific and speed-independent inhibitory deficits in the elderly (lower negative priming in both paradigms; more intrusions in the directed forgetting tasks), as well as higher levels of repetition priming. Significant correlations between measures of inhibition and the Wechsler scores were found in both age groups. Results support the view of multiple inhibitory-like capabilities that play a central role in the decline of higher-order cognitive functions in old age. 相似文献