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461.
Nicolas Gent 《Psychodynamic Practice》2017,23(1):45-57
The research used Foucauldian techniques to explore how counsellors currently working for the NHS construct and manage their professional identities in the face of changes imposed on them by the institution. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with four counsellors and one doctoral student, all with substantial experience working for the NHS. A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis revealed four main subjectivities that were made available; feeling like part of a process at times; the NHS imposes limitations on their practice; feeling able to retain their professional standards despite the limitations and lack of influence; feeling proud of, and satisfied with the work they do. Places in which the participants explored ways of constructing a professional identity were also explored. 相似文献
462.
Witthöft M Sander N Süss HM Wittmann WW 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2009,16(2):133-163
According to the inhibition-deficit hypothesis age differences in working memory capacity and fluid intelligence have been attributed to a decline in inhibitory efficiency. Conceptualizing inhibition as multifaceted, 88 participants (49 younger and 39 elderly) completed two versions of the negative priming paradigm (identification and localization), and two variants of the directed forgetting paradigm (listwise and itemwise). Two tasks of the Wechsler Intelligence Test with high loadings on general fluid intelligence (Gf) served as validation criteria. Results revealed task-specific and speed-independent inhibitory deficits in the elderly (lower negative priming in both paradigms; more intrusions in the directed forgetting tasks), as well as higher levels of repetition priming. Significant correlations between measures of inhibition and the Wechsler scores were found in both age groups. Results support the view of multiple inhibitory-like capabilities that play a central role in the decline of higher-order cognitive functions in old age. 相似文献
463.
Fin swimming performance can be divided into underwater and surface water races. World records are about 10% faster for underwater swimming vs. surface swimming, but little is known about the advantage of underwater swimming for monofin swimming. Some authors reported that the air–water interface influences the kinematics and leads to a narrow vertical amplitude of the fin. On the one hand, surface swimming is expected to affect drag parameters (cross-sectional area (S) and active drag (AD)) when compared to underwater swimming. On the other hand, the surface swimming technique may also affect efficiency (ηF). The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate and compare drag parameters and efficiency during underwater and surface swimming. To this end, 12 international level monofin swimmers were measured during both underwater and surface swimming. Kinematic parameters (both dimensional and non-dimensional), ηF (calculated according to the Elongated-Body Theory), and AD (computed with Velocity Perturbation Method) were calculated for an underwater and a surface fin swimming trial, performed at maximal speed. As expected, results showed significantly lower velocities during surface swimming vs. underwater = 2.5 m s−1 vs. = 2.36 m s−1, p < .01). Velocities during underwater and surface swimming were strongly correlated (r = .97, p < .01). Underwater swimming was also associated with higher vertical amplitudes of the fin compared to surface swimming ( = 0.55 m vs. ) = 0.46 m, p < .01). Length-specific amplitudes (Aunder/Lb) were in the order of 20% during underwater swimming as for undulating fish, and significantly higher than during surface swimming (Asurf/Lb = 17%, p < .01). Efficiency for surface swimming was about 6% lower than for underwater swimming ( = 0.79 vs. = 0.74, p < .01). This decrease could be associated with an increase in swimming frequency for surface swimming ( = 2.15 Hz vs. = 2.08 Hz, p < .01). Active drag during surface swimming was about 7% higher than for underwater swimming ( = 78.9 N vs. = 84.7 N, p < .01). A significantly smaller cross-sectional area for surface swimming ( = 0.053 m2 vs. = 0.044 m2, p < .01) and higher drag coefficient for surface swimming ( = 0.47 vs. = 0.69, p < .01) were measured. Finally, correlation between cross-sectional area and vertical amplitude of the fin was reported for both underwater and surface swimming. These results suggest that the performance improvement during underwater swimming is not only linked to a wave drag reduction effect but also to a specific swimming technique due to the free surface. 相似文献
464.
Using the two fundamental dimensions of social judgment, warmth and competence, we show that, contrary to general models of impression formation, negative information on one dimension has positive consequences on the way a target is judged on the other dimension. Participants learned about two groups which were either congruent on warmth and competence (one group high on both and the other low on both) or they were compensatory (one group high on warmth and low on competence, the other high on competence and low on warmth). Our results show that in the compensatory condition, the groups were rated more extremely than in the congruent condition and that this was especially the case for the dimension on which the groups were high. Results are discussed both in terms of how they run counter to traditional theories of impression formation and what they tell us about the fundamental dimensions of social judgment. 相似文献
465.
Thomas G. Plante 《Pastoral Psychology》2009,58(1):73-78
The casual observer of the religious traditions cannot get a very good impression when attending to the daily news. One might
easily conclude that much of the troubles in the world today are caused by religious conflicts and the inability of the religious
communities to get along. Sometimes, it appears that the planet would be better off without religion at all. Tragically, most
of the general population are perhaps religious illiterates who focus on religious differences and conflicts rather than similarities
and what they offer at their best. While there are a number of efforts by scholars and others to improve interfaith respect
and conversation, our world would be better off if we focused on the best the religious traditions have to offer rather than
the worst as well as respecting and being open to traditions other than our own. This could be accomplished if religious education
and training were greatly altered. 相似文献
466.
This study shows that sensory priming facilitates reports of same-modality concepts in an attentional blink paradigm. Participants had to detect and report two target words (T1 and T2) presented for 53 ms each among a series of nonwords distractors at a frequency of up to 19 items per second. SOA between target words was set to 53 ms or 213 ms, with reduced attention expected for T2 under the longer SOA (attentional blink) and for T1 under the shorter SOA (lag-1 sparing). These effects were found but reduced when the sensory modality of the concepts matched that of a sensory stimulation occurring prior to the detection trial. Hence, sensory activation increased report for same-modality concepts. This finding reveals that grounded cognition effects (1) are involved in conceptual processing as soon as a word has reached the point of lexical identification and (2) occur independent of intentional access to sensory properties of concepts. 相似文献
467.
Michaël Dambrun Rodolphe Kamiejski Nicolas Haddadi Sandra Duarte 《European journal of social psychology》2009,39(1):88-100
Why does university exposure to a hierarchy‐attenuating (HA) academic major (e.g., social science) lead to a decrease in anti‐egalitarianism and group domination (social dominance orientation, SDO)? The reason for this well‐documented phenomenon remains unclear. In the social sciences, the origins of differences in both behavior and personality are attributed more to social and environmental factors than to genetic ones. We hypothesized that the normative and informational influences of this academic major would lead to perceptions that genes have a less important role than nurture in the shaping of human behavior and personality. Our main hypothesis was confirmed. Decreased SDO among psychology students was mediated significantly by a decrease in belief in genetic determinism, the factor we called “geneticism.” Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
468.
Michel Laroche FRSC Nicolas Papadopoulos Louise Heslop Jasmin Bergeron 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2003,2(3):232-247
Most cross‐cultural studies on country of origin or product‐country image (PCI) effects have implicitly assumed that national markets are composed of homogeneous consumers. Although many investigations in this field are described as cross‐cultural, most are in fact cross‐national. The overarching hypothesis of the present research is that PCI effects may vary across subcultures within a country. The results indicate that subcultural differences exist in the evaluation of culturally affiliated countries and their products. Cognitive responses converged to show that consumers' perceived linkages significantly influence the weight given to the country of origin in product evaluations. Several implications for managers and academic researchers are discussed. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications. 相似文献
469.
Plante Thomas G. Vallaeys Charlotte L. Sherman Allen C. Wallston Kenneth A. 《Pastoral Psychology》2002,50(5):359-368
The increasing interest between religiosity and health benefits has created the need for a brief, reliable, valid, and practical instrument to measure strength of religious faith. The purpose of this study is to develop a brief version of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSRFQ). The SCSRFQ has been reduced from a ten-item questionnaire to a five-item scale, making it more suitable for administration to severely ill patients and for use in large-scale epidemiological studies. To create the brief version, 1584 participants completed the SCSRFQ. Results were evaluated for high correlation coefficients between individual item responses and the overall total 10 questions from the original scale. Items to be used in the abbreviated version were also selected on the basis of having moderate and centered means and high standard deviations. Thus, the items selected for the brief version generally correlated highly with the total score for the longer questionnaire and provided adequate variability. The reduced version, using questions 2, 4, 5, 8, and 10 of the original scale provides a > 0.95 correlation with results from the longer version. 相似文献
470.
Thomas G. Plante 《International journal of stress management》2002,9(2):125-126
Stress and Health: Research and Clinical Applications. Edited by Dianna T. Kenny, John G. Carlson, F. Joseph McGuigan, and John L. Sheppard. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, 2000, 467 pp., $68.00 (hardcover). 相似文献