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411.
Gaston Saux Anne Britt Ludovic Le Bigot Nicolas Vibert Debora Burin Jean-François Rouet 《Memory & cognition》2017,45(1):151-167
According to the documents model framework (Britt, Perfetti, Sandak, & Rouet, 1999), readers’ detection of contradictions within texts increases their integration of source–content links (i.e., who says what). This study examines whether conflict may also strengthen the relationship between the respective sources. In two experiments, participants read brief news reports containing two critical statements attributed to different sources. In half of the reports, the statements were consistent with each other, whereas in the other half they were discrepant. Participants were tested for source memory and source integration in an immediate item-recognition task (Experiment 1) and a cued recall task (Experiments 1 and 2). In both experiments, discrepancies increased readers’ memory for sources. We found that discrepant sources enhanced retrieval of the other source compared to consistent sources (using a delayed recall measure; Experiments 1 and 2). However, discrepant sources failed to prime the other source as evidenced in an online recognition measure (Experiment 1). We argue that discrepancies promoted the construction of links between sources, but that integration did not take place during reading. 相似文献
412.
Nicolas Koranyi Peter Hilpert Veronika Job Guy Bodenmann 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2017,30(5):521-535
Background and objectives: We examined the implicit affective mechanisms underlying provision of support in intimate dyads. Specifically, we hypothesized that in individuals with high relationship satisfaction, the perception that one’s partner is stressed leads to increased implicit positive attitudes toward communal goals. In turn, this change in implicit attitudes facilitates supportive behavior.Design and methods: In two studies, we induced partner stress by instructing participants to either recall a situation where their partner was highly stressed (Study 1; N?=?47 university students) or imagine a specific stressful event (excessive workload; Study 2; N?=?85 university students). Subsequently, implicit attitudes toward communal goals were assessed with an Implicit Association Test.Results: In both studies, we found that among participants with high relationship satisfaction partner stress increases preferences for communal goals. In addition, implicit preferences for communal goals predicted stronger inclinations to engage in supportive dyadic coping (Study 2).Conclusions: The current findings provide important insights into the implicit cognitive-affective mechanics of dyadic coping. Moreover, they can explain how people manage to avoid experiencing motivational conflicts between partner-oriented and self-oriented goals in situations characterized by high partner stress. 相似文献
413.
Theories of grounded cognition propose that modal simulations underlie cognitive representation of concepts [Barsalou, L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22(4), 577-660; Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617-645]. Based on recent evidence of modality-specific resources in perception, we hypothesized that verifying properties of concepts encoded in different modalities are hindered more by perceptual short-term memory load to the same versus different sensory modality as that used to process the property. We manipulated load to visual and auditory modalities by having participants store one or three items in short-term memory during property verification. In the high (but not low) load condition, property verification took longer when the property (e.g., yellow) involved the same modality as that used by the memory load (e.g., pictures). Interestingly, similar interference effects were obtained on the conceptual verification and on the memory task. These findings provide direct support for the view that conceptual processing relies on simulation in modality-specific systems. 相似文献
414.
Philippe Balbiani Andreas Herzig Nicolas Troquard 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2008,37(4):387-406
We propose two alternatives to Xu’s axiomatization of Chellas’s STIT. The first one simplifies its presentation, and also
provides an alternative axiomatization of the deliberative STIT. The second one starts from the idea that the historic necessity
operator can be defined as an abbreviation of operators of agency, and can thus be eliminated from the logic of Chellas’s
STIT. The second axiomatization also allows us to establish that the problem of deciding the satisfiability of a STIT formula
without temporal operators is NP-complete in the single-agent case, and is NEXPTIME-complete in the multiagent case, both
for the deliberative and Chellas’s STIT. 相似文献
415.
This purpose of this study is to develop a brief version of Sprecher and Fehr’s Compassionate Love Scale (2005). This was
accomplished by administering the 21-item scale to college student participants and subsequently selecting five items for
a brief version. The five items were selected based on the evaluation of high correlation coefficients between individual
item responses and the overall total 21 questions from the original scale, the results of factor analysis, and items that
had moderate means and high standard deviations. The correlation between the original and brief version is 0.96, while the
internal reliability of the brief version, using Cronbach’s alpha, is 0.90. 相似文献
416.
Aggressor and victim perspective-related differences in perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer
Traclet A Rascle O Souchon N Coulomb-Cabagno G Dosseville F 《Perceptual and motor skills》2008,106(1):234-240
The purpose of this role-playing study was to explore the perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer as a function of perspective-related differences (aggressor vs victim) and type of aggression (instrumental vs hostile). 120 soccer players watched videotaped aggressive interactions in soccer and took the perspective of the actors (aggressor then victim or the reverse). Then they rated the legitimacy of each aggressive behavior depending on its ultimate goal (instrumental then hostile or the reverse). When participants adopted the aggressor perspective, they perceived instrumental aggression as more legitimate than hostile aggression. In contrast, when participants took the perspective of the victim, no significant difference was found regardless of the type of aggression. The discussion focussed on implications and consequences of such divergences in aggressive sport situations. 相似文献
417.
Semantically induced memories of love and helping behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study tested the effect of semantically induced thoughts of love on helping behavior. In a natural setting, 253 participants were interviewed and asked to retrieve the memory of a love episode or, in the control condition, a piece of music they loved. They then met another confederate who asked for money. Analysis showed that inducing the idea of love had a significant positive effect on compliance to a request by a male passerby who was asked for help by a female confederate, but not by a female passerby. Theoretical explanations are presented, based on a gender-role expectation hypothesis. 相似文献
418.
Nicolas Espinoza 《Synthese》2008,165(1):127-139
It is commonly assumed that moral deliberation requires that the alternatives available in a choice situation are evaluatively
comparable. This comparability assumption is threatened by claims of incomparability, which is often established by means
of the small improvement argument (SIA). In this paper I argue that SIA does not establish incomparability in a stricter sense.
The reason is that it fails to distinguish incomparability from a kind of evaluative indeterminacy which may arise due to
the vagueness of the evaluative comparatives ‘better than,’ ‘worse than,’ and ‘equally as good as.’ 相似文献
419.
Research on Tip of the Tongue (ToT) states has been used to determine whether access to syntactic information precedes access
to phonological information. This paper argues that previous studies have used insufficient analyses when investigating the
nature of seriality of access. In the first part of this paper, these complex issues are discussed and suitable analyses proposed.
In the second part, new experimental data are presented. In Experiment 1, English speakers were asked to give information
about mass/count status and initial phoneme of nouns, when in a ToT state. In Experiment 2, German speakers were asked to
report grammatical gender and initial phoneme of nouns, when in a ToT state. Evidence that syntactic and phonological information
are accessed independently was obtained for both languages. Implications for models of language production and further methodological
issues in ToT research are discussed. 相似文献
420.