工作记忆的神经振荡调控：基于神经振荡夹带现象

工作记忆的神经振荡机制研究是当前记忆领域的研究热点之一。那么, 神经振荡仅仅是工作记忆过程的伴随现象, 还是直接参与并调控了工作记忆的加工过程?已有研究发现, 大脑内部的神经振荡活动在外界节律性刺激的驱动下, 逐步与外界刺激节律相位同步化, 这一现象被称为“神经振荡夹带”。重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, rTMS)和经颅交流电刺激(transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation, tACS)干预研究基于此现象, 对大脑局部脑区施加节律性磁、电刺激, 进而调控工作记忆过程中特定频段的神经振荡活动、跨频段的神经振荡耦合或跨脑区的神经振荡相位同步, 为神经振荡参与工作记忆加工提供较为直接的因果证据。未来研究需考虑从脑网络的角度出发, 调控多个脑区之间的神经振荡活动, 进一步考察神经振荡对工作记忆的影响。此外, 还需注意探索和优化rTMS/tACS调控工作记忆的刺激方案, 并辅以客观的脑电记录, 提高该类研究的有效性和可重复性, 最终达到提高工作记忆能力的目的。     

The Influence of Parental Migration on Left-behind Children’s Mental Health in China: the Mediating Roles of Daily Stress and Sense-Making

Applied Research in Quality of Life - Despite growing attention to health impacts of parental migration on children left behind, little is known about the mechanism through which parental migration...     

Up or Down? How Culture and Color Affect Judgments

In the Mainland China stock market, an upmarket is represented by the color red, whereas a downmarket is represented by the color green. Elsewhere, including the Chinese Hong Kong stock market, the color representations are the opposite. Three studies were conducted to examine the red‐up–green‐down effect for Mainland Chinese as well as the green‐up–red‐down effect for Hong Kong people. Study 1 showed that Mainland Chinese tended to predict greater economic growth (study 1a) and higher growth in consumption trends (study 1b) when the experimental materials were presented in red than in green, whereas Hong Kong participants exhibited the opposite tendencies. Study 2 found that Mainland Chinese implicitly associated red and green with up and down, respectively; Hong Kong people, however, implicitly associated green and red with up and down, respectively. Study 3 further indicated that Mainland Chinese were more likely to predict good outcomes when scenarios were presented in red, whereas Hong Kong participants were more likely to predict good outcomes when scenarios were presented in green. These findings suggest that culturally specific environment cues could influence human prediction and judgment. Implications for judgment generally are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鼻烟窝皮瓣修复拇指大面积皮肤缺损的临床应用

探讨鼻烟窝皮瓣在修复拇指大面积皮肤缺损中的方法和治疗效果。从2008年1月～2013年10月间应用桡动脉在解剖鼻烟窝穿支为血管蒂的鼻烟窝皮瓣,逆行修复拇指大面积皮肤缺损26例,年龄17岁～55岁。术后平均随访时间25个月,皮瓣全部成活。皮瓣色泽及质地与健侧拇指背侧皮肤相近,拇指活动度基本正常。因此,鼻烟窝皮瓣是一种简便经济、效果理想、患者易于接受的术式,适合应用于拇指大面积皮肤缺损的治疗。     

三岁之前幼儿对错误信念的理解

关于幼儿开始理解错误信念的年龄,一直存在激烈的争论。目前颇具影响力的观点认为,幼儿只有在4岁左右才能理解错误信念,3岁幼儿至多只能隐性理解错误信念。支持这种观点的证据主要来自于对幼儿的错误信念的言语实验。由于这些实验结果被认为与言语测试范式相关,越来越多的实验采用非言语测试方法,结果发现3岁,甚至3岁之前幼儿就能够理解错误信念。同时,这一观点也获得了一些理论证据的支持。     

小学至高中阶段学生自我调节学习的发展特点

采用问卷调查的方法,对小学到高中阶段学生的自我调节学习能力进行纵向研究。对每个年龄阶段学生的自我调节学习过程进行了模型匹配。发现在四个模式中:(1)模式二比较适合小学生的自我调节学习能力发展模式,模式一和模式四比较适合初中年级学生的自我调节学习能力发展模式,模式四拟合程度最佳。模式四适合高中生。(2)初中阶段,是学生自我调节学习发展较为迅速和逐渐成熟的重要时期。(3)对于高年级学生的自我调节学习模式主要以元认知为调节变量,随着年龄的增加,元认知能力也逐渐发展。     

Local chemistry of a nanocrystalline high-strength Mg 97 Y 2 Zn 1 alloy

The local chemistry of a high-strength nanocrystalline Mg 97 Y 2 Zn 1 alloy produced by a rapidly solidified powder metallurgy process has been characterized by a three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP). The consolidated and extruded rod consists of hcp Mg grains of approximately 150nm size with their basal planes normal to the radial direction of the rod. 3DAP results revealed that the Y and Zn contents vary depending on the grains. Y- and Zn-depleted grains have a hcp structure, while Y- and Zn-enriched grains have a unique long-period stacking of the basal plane designated as 6H-Mg. In the 6H-Mg phase, the enrichment of Y and Zn occurs in one or two atomic layers in the unit cell. The chemical composition of the solute-enriched layer was estimated to be approximately 10 at.% Y and 3 at.% Zn using the 3DAP.     

女性原发性生殖道恶性黑色素瘤20例临床病理分析

探讨女性生殖道恶性黑色素瘤（MM）的临床病理特点、治疗及预后.对20例女性生殖道MM临床资料进行回顾性分析,显示女性生殖道MM占女性生殖道恶性肿瘤的0.53%,20例患者平均年龄（55.2±10.5）岁,绝经者占60%;HMB45、Melen-A、S-100阳性患者分别占92.3%、76.9%、69.2%;随访时间3个月～70个月,随访率70%,随访期间死亡率为42.9%;生存≥1年者100%,生存≥2年者63.6%,生存≥5年者9.1%.故女性生殖道MM发病率低,预后差,HMB45、Melen-A、S-100有助于病理诊断,手术是主要的治疗手段.     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与肺高血压

肺高血压是一类以肺血管阻力进行性升高为主要特征,并最终导致右心衰竭甚至死亡的恶性心血管疾病.多种疾病可导致肺高血压,其中第三大类肺高血压与肺部疾病及缺氧有关.已有许多研究得出结论睡眠呼吸暂停综合征是肺高血压的高危因素,但具体发病机制不详.本文目的是结合国外文献阐述睡眠呼吸暂停综合征致肺高血压的发病机制及干预睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对肺动脉高压的影响.     

Corporate Culture and Sales Force Management in Japan and America

Abstract

Managers' personal values are a key aspect of corporate culture. Sales representatives' agreement with their managers' values (hereafter “value congruence”) can be expected to influence sales performance, satisfaction, and propensity to quit. These propositions are investigated in two countries. One hundred seventy-five sales representatives and 93 sales managers from a Japanese firm and 146 sales representatives and 21 sales managers from a comparable American firm participated in the study. A questionnaire was distributed to the managers and representatives. Value congruence was found to be weakly related to performance, but strongly related to satisfaction and propensity to quit for both cultural groups. The Japanese group was found to be higher in value congruence and propensity to quit, but lower in satisfaction. Suggested are implications for future research and for managers.