企业社会责任的伦理学分析

在企业何以具有社会责任的价值理由的分析中,学界多从经济学和法学的视阈进行论证,缺乏伦理学独立性的价值分析。从人性的精神特质、经济活动的人本目的性、经济活动方式的人道归属性、意志自由与责任的对应性出发,伦理学可以为企业社会责任提供理论支撑。     

Marital satisfaction of Chinese under stress: Moderating effects of personal control and social support

Stressful life events, personal control, and social support were examined relative to marital satisfaction among 1749 participants in seven Chinese cities. Stressful life events were categorized as life crises and life transitions. Life crises, rather than transitions, negatively predicted the marital satisfaction of Chinese. The moderating effects of personal control were found among women, but not men, and occurred only in the relationship between marital satisfaction and life crises, not life transitions. Social support buffers the negative effects of life crises on marital satisfaction. The results extend family stress‐coping theory in specifying two coping resources for Chinese marriages under stress.     

The effects of culture and friendship on rewarding honesty and punishing deception

The present research explores whether the type of relationship one holds with deceptive or honest actors influences cross-cultural differences in reward and punishment. Research suggests that Americans reward honest actors more than they punish deceptive perpetrators, whereas East Asians reward and punish equally (Wang & Leung, 2010). Our research suggests that the type of relationship with the actor matters for East Asians, but not for Americans. East Asians exhibit favoritism toward their friends by rewarding more than punishing them, but reward and punish equally when the actors are strangers (Experiment 1 and 2); Americans reward more than they punish regardless of the type of relationship (Experiment 2). Furthermore, the findings were replicated when the proposed mechanism – social mobility – was manipulated within the same culture (Experiment 3). We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how friends versus strangers are rewarded and punished in an increasingly relationally complex world.     

个体自我监控能力、思维品质与数学学业成绩的关系研究

对197个高三生施测《中学生数学学科自我监控能力问卷》和《高三学生数学思维品质问卷》,以探讨个体自我监控能力、思维品质对数学学业成绩的影响模式。结果:(1)自我监控能力与思维品质、数学学业成绩均呈显著正相关。(2)在自我监控能力、思维品质对数学学业成绩的影响模型中,自我监控能力直接影响数学学业成绩,并通过思维品质这一中介变量作用于数学学业成绩。思维品质直接影响数学学业成绩。(3)女生组与男生组的自我监控能力、思维品质与数学学业成绩的结构系数的模型无显著差异。     

论坛客观性与网络口碑接收者的态度

研究了论坛客观性如何影响看帖者对帖子所推荐产品的态度, 及其影响的内在机制和边界条件。结果表明：当论坛不客观时, 看帖者对产品的态度较差, 当论坛比较客观时, 看帖者对产品的态度较好;说服知识在此过程中起中介作用;品牌强度、看帖者过去对品牌的满意度、跟帖者与楼主的熟悉程度会调节论坛客观性对看帖者态度的影响, 当品牌强度相对较弱、看帖者过去对品牌相对不满意、跟帖者与楼主不熟悉或跟帖者与楼主的意见不完全一致时, 论坛客观性显著影响看帖者的态度。     

父亲情绪表达与儿童社会适应:气质的调节作用

通过对341名学前儿童进行问卷调查和任务测查,考察了父亲情绪表达、儿童气质与儿童社会适应的关系。结果表明:(1)父亲积极情绪表达对儿童社会能力有正向预测作用;父亲消极情绪表达对儿童社会能力具有负向预测作用,而对外显、内隐行为问题有正向预测作用。(2)儿童的积极情绪性对其外显行为问题与社会能力均有显著正向预测作用;消极情绪性对其社会能力有负向预测作用,而对其外显行为问题有正向预测作用;儿童的努力控制对其外显行为问题有较强地负向预测作用,对其社会能力具有正向预测作用。(3)父亲情绪表达与儿童努力控制、消极情绪性对儿童社会适应有显著交互作用,父亲情绪表达对不同气质特点儿童的社会适应具有不同的预测作用。     

以整合的理念引领医学课程改革

整合课程改革要面对教改动力、教学组织、师资及实施策略等多方面问题,介绍四川大学华西临床医学院以"从树干到树叶"为教改思路、研究实施"以器官系统为基础"整合课程的历程,介绍"院院合一"组织架构、医疗、科研整合支撑教学改革、先期试点并逐步推进、隐蔽课程等经验,为国内外医学院校提供参考借鉴.     

认知诊断计算机化自适应测验的题库使用均匀性初探

项目曝光控制是认知诊断计算机化自适应测验(CD-CAT)中亟需解决的重要问题之一。采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法对CD-CAT中五种常用选题策略(随机化方法、KL信息量方法、香农熵方法、后验加权的KL信息量方法和综合后验加权和距离加权的KL信息量方法)的题库使用情况进行探讨。结果发现:四种非随机化选题策略的题库使用均匀性较差、测验重叠率高,从而导致测验安全性较差;香农熵方法的判准率总是最高。今后可以将传统CAT中的项目曝光控制技术融入到CD-CAT选题策略中。     

Going my way? The benefits of travelling in the same direction

Couples' marital satisfaction can depend on whether they commute to work in the same or different directions. Two surveys, conducted in the United States and Hong Kong, showed that partners' satisfaction with their relationship was greater when they traveled to work in the same direction than when they traveled in different directions. This was true regardless of whether the partners left for work at the same or different times. A controlled laboratory study eliminated alternative interpretations of the survey findings, showing that even randomly paired participants reported greater attraction to one another when they walked to an experimental task in the same direction rather than in different directions.     

Automatic and controlled cognitive responses to intergroup threat as assessed using the process dissociation procedure: a study of a low-status group from China

Xiang, L. & Zhao, Y. (2012). Automatic and controlled cognitive responses to intergroup threat as assessed using the process dissociation procedure: A study of a low-status group from China. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 280-285. Explicit and implicit methods are typically employed to investigate the respective controlled and automatic cognitive responses to intergroup threat. However, these may not be "process pure" measures of automatic or controlled responses. The present study used the process dissociation procedure to investigate the relative contributions of automatic and controlled cognitive responses to intergroup threat. Following exposure to a threat/no threat manipulation, fifty Chinese rural undergraduates who were regarded as low-status group members completed a recognition memory task, in which they were asked to identify all or select "old" (previously presented) trait words relating to an urban outgroup. The results showed that compared to the non-threat group, when rural members perceived threat from an urban group, their automatic response was a decrease in favoritism for this outgroup, but was not derogative, whereas the controlled response was neither positive nor negative. These findings are inconsistent with previous research using explicit and implicit methods. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.