A modern psychoanalytic approach to caregiver support groups

Caregiver support groups traditionally focus on education, reduction of social isolation, and supportive sharing. However, the support group literature has increasingly reflected an interest in the emotional effects of caregiving. While some authors promote the therapeutic value of supporting defenses against painful feelings, others have documented the value of encouraging their expression in groups. This paper is based on the author’s experience in co-leading an Alzheimer’s family support group, using a modern psychoanalytic approach which encourages the full expression of the caregivers’ emotional experience. Using emotional communication to explore resistances to intimacy and aggression in groups, the author demonstrates how the interplay of co-leadership and Modern Psychoanalytic theory and techniques promotes group cohesion and encourages maturational growth in group members. This model is also prescribed as an antidote to leader “burnout,” a not uncommon phenomenon for leaders of such emotionally charged groups. Private Practice, New York, New York.     

初中生在方程学习中学习能力感,学习策略与学业成就关系的研究

探讨了初中生在代数方程学习中,代数能力感与方程能力感两类学习能力感、计划性策略、努力策略与认知策略三类一般学习策略、适宜性策略和多样性策略两类方程具体策略与学业成就之间的关系。研究结果表明,方程成绩优秀生和不良生在学习能力感和学习策略上存在着显著的差异,两类具体策略和两类能力感对方程成绩具有显著的影响。     

Children's, adolescents', and young adults' thinking about different types of disagreements

Individuals' thinking about different types of disagreements was examined. Ninety-six participants in third grade (mean age = 8 years 9 months), seventh grade (mean age = 13 years 2 months), and college (mean age = 21 years 10 months) judged the acceptability of believing and acting on different types of beliefs with which they disagree, the attributes of the persons with whom they disagree, and the relative importance of cultural uniformity or diversity of belief. Findings indicated that participants' thinking did not simply become more tolerant with age; their thinking at all ages was constrained by both the realm over which there was disagreement and the form of the disagreement. At all ages, participants judged that some disagreements were acceptable and some unacceptable, described disagreeing others in terms of different (more or less positive) attributes, and judged that diversity of belief was important in some realms but uniformity was preferable in others.     

高血压治疗:百年历程、日益细化

人类对高血压的治疗是百年以来医学的重要成就.越来越多的证据表明,有效控制高血压是降低相关疾病发病、死亡、致残的重要手段.医学对高血压治疗药物、手段、方案的探索尚未止步,许多正在进展中.     

加强青年医师素质培养进一步提高临床教学水平

探讨青年医师应具备的临床素质:优秀的道德品质、较高的文化素养、扎实的专业知识、较强的身心素质和不断的创新意识。分析目前存在的问题,高学历与实际能力不符、轻视临床思维分析、功利主义思想严重。指出如何强化青年医师的素质培养,规范化培训、注重学习和实践、制定合理政策。     

合资企业管理技能运用的实证研究

在对中外合资企业管理者的管理技能运用现状调查的基础上,揭示了外资比例、LMX和管理层次对管理技能运用的影响。结果表明,外资比例对技术技能和人际技能的运用有积极作用,LMX和管理层次会影响技能运用的机会。LMX和管理层次的交互作用对技术技能和概念技能有显著影响。     

Collateral benefits of the Family Check-Up on early childhood school readiness: indirect effects of parents' positive behavior support

The authors examined the longitudinal effects of the Family Check-Up (FCU) on parents' positive behavior support and children's school readiness competencies in early childhood. It was hypothesized that the FCU would promote language skills and inhibitory control in children at risk for behavior problems as an indirect outcome associated with targeted improvements in parents' positive behavior support. High-risk families in the Women, Infants, and Children Nutrition Program participated in a multisite preventive intervention study (N = 731) with 3 yearly assessments beginning at child age 2 years. Positive behavior support was measured using 4 indicators derived from at-home observations of parent-child interaction during semistructured tasks. Longitudinal structural equation models revealed that parents in families randomly assigned to the FCU showed improvements in positive behavior support from child age 2 to 3, which in turn promoted children's inhibitory control and language development from age 3 to 4, accounting for child gender, ethnicity, and parental education. Findings suggest that a brief, ecological preventive intervention supporting positive parenting practices can indirectly foster key facets of school readiness in children at risk.     

Early vocabulary inventory for Mandarin Chinese

Early vocabulary development is a reliable predictor of children's later language skills. The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) has provided a powerful tool to assess earlyvocabulary development in English and other languages. However, there have been no published CDI norms for Mandarin Chinese. Given the importance of large-scale comparative data sets for understanding the early childhood lexicon, we have developed an early vocabulary inventory for Mandarin. In this article, we report our efforts in developing this instrument, and discuss the data collected from 884 Chinese families in Beijing over a period of 12-30 months, based on our instrument. Chinese children's receptive and expressive lexicons as assessed by our inventory match well with those reported for English on the basis of CDI. In particular, our data indicate comprehension-production differences, individual differences in early comprehension and in later production, and different lexical development profiles among infants versus toddlers. We also make the checklists and norms of our inventory available to the research community via the Internet; they may be accessed from the Psychonomic Society's Archive of Norms, Stimuli, and Data, at www.psychonomic.org/archive.