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791.
792.
考察了小学二、四、六年级学生对情绪社会调节作用理解的特点.结果表明:小学生认为愤怒、悲伤和恐惧情绪标志着表达者不同的人际地位,会诱发接受者不同的情绪和后继行为:愤怒情绪标志着表达者的支配地位,会诱发出接受者的恐惧情绪和道歉认错行为;悲伤和恐惧标志着表达者的非支配地位,会诱发出接受者的悲伤情绪和目标恢复行为,恐惧情绪有时还会诱发接受者的高兴情绪.在对愤怒、悲伤和恐惧情绪反映表达者的社会目标的理解上,没有差异,都反映了表达者期待接受者采取目标恢复的社会行为.高年级学生在区分不同情绪表达的支配性以及诱发接受者的情绪上,存在着差别;低年级学生对接受者的后继行为的理解存在着差异. 相似文献
793.
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795.
Early vocabulary development is a reliable predictor of children's later language skills. The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) has provided a powerful tool to assess earlyvocabulary development in English and other languages. However, there have been no published CDI norms for Mandarin Chinese. Given the importance of large-scale comparative data sets for understanding the early childhood lexicon, we have developed an early vocabulary inventory for Mandarin. In this article, we report our efforts in developing this instrument, and discuss the data collected from 884 Chinese families in Beijing over a period of 12-30 months, based on our instrument. Chinese children's receptive and expressive lexicons as assessed by our inventory match well with those reported for English on the basis of CDI. In particular, our data indicate comprehension-production differences, individual differences in early comprehension and in later production, and different lexical development profiles among infants versus toddlers. We also make the checklists and norms of our inventory available to the research community via the Internet; they may be accessed from the Psychonomic Society's Archive of Norms, Stimuli, and Data, at www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
796.
797.
The purpose of the present study was to examine relations among multiple child and family protective factors, neighborhood disadvantage, and positive social adjustment in a sample of 226 urban, low SES boys followed from infancy to early adolescence. The results indicated that child IQ, nurturant parenting, and parent-child relationship quality, measured in early childhood, were all significantly associated with a composite measure tapping low levels of antisocial behavior and high levels of social skills at ages 11 and 12. Parental romantic partner relationship quality (RPRQ) was only significantly related to positive social adjustment in the context of low levels of neighborhood disadvantage. Results suggest that with the exception of RPRQ, these protective factors operate in a comparable manner with respect to positive social adjustment for this predominantly low-income urban sample of boys. 相似文献
798.
Lunkenheimer ES Dishion TJ Shaw DS Connell AM Gardner F Wilson MN Skuban EM 《Developmental psychology》2008,44(6):1737-1752
The authors examined the longitudinal effects of the Family Check-Up (FCU) on parents' positive behavior support and children's school readiness competencies in early childhood. It was hypothesized that the FCU would promote language skills and inhibitory control in children at risk for behavior problems as an indirect outcome associated with targeted improvements in parents' positive behavior support. High-risk families in the Women, Infants, and Children Nutrition Program participated in a multisite preventive intervention study (N = 731) with 3 yearly assessments beginning at child age 2 years. Positive behavior support was measured using 4 indicators derived from at-home observations of parent-child interaction during semistructured tasks. Longitudinal structural equation models revealed that parents in families randomly assigned to the FCU showed improvements in positive behavior support from child age 2 to 3, which in turn promoted children's inhibitory control and language development from age 3 to 4, accounting for child gender, ethnicity, and parental education. Findings suggest that a brief, ecological preventive intervention supporting positive parenting practices can indirectly foster key facets of school readiness in children at risk. 相似文献
799.
Including gesture in instruction facilitates learning. Why? One possibility is that gesture points out objects in the immediate context and thus helps ground the words learners hear in the world they see. Previous work on gesture's role in instruction has used gestures that either point to or trace paths on objects, thus providing support for this hypothesis. The experiments described here investigated the possibility that gesture helps children learn even when it is not produced in relation to an object but is instead produced "in the air." Children were given instruction in Piagetian conservation problems with or without gesture and with or without concrete objects. The results indicate that children given instruction with speech and gesture learned more about conservation than children given instruction with speech alone, whether or not objects were present during instruction. Gesture in instruction can thus help learners learn even when those gestures do not direct attention to visible objects, suggesting that gesture can do more for learners than simply ground arbitrary, symbolic language in the physical, observable world. 相似文献
800.
河流生命一词,多见于文学和艺术作品,用拟人化手法比喻河流是"鲜活的,有生命的",与"陈旧的,僵死的"相对.河流生命作为科学概念,即生态系统的一种具体形式的提出,既来源于全球河流生态危机胁迫产生的河流危机意识,[1]也直接来源于我国黄河管理过程中构建河流生命伦理实践的迫切需要.[2]河流生命有其自然与文化两种存在方式,本文旨在探讨河流自然生命的存在方式,重点对其出发点、立论基础和评价标准做出阐释. 相似文献