中等强度情绪性图片的神经机制——一项fMRI研究

采用修订后的中等唤起度的国际情绪图片为刺激材料,以12名女性大学生为被试,考察情绪性图片引起的脑激活模式。结果发现,与中性条件相比,消极情绪图片激活了枕叶、杏仁核、海马旁回和壳核。积极情绪图片引起枕叶、内侧眶额、额中回等脑区的激活,研究结果再次验证了杏仁核与消极情绪的密切关系,同时推测,内侧眶额可能是中等唤起度的趋近性积极情绪的一个脑功能区。     

Ecstasy use and suicidal behavior among adolescents: findings from a national survey

The relationship between ecstasy use and suicidal behavior among adolescents in the United States was examined. Data from the adolescent subsample (ages 12-17, N = 19,301) of the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse were used in the analyses. Information on adolescent substance use, suicidal behaviors, and related sociodemographic, family, and individual factors was obtained in the survey. The rate of past year suicide attempt among adolescents with lifetime ecstasy use was almost double that of adolescents who had used other drugs only, and nine times that of adolescents with no history of illicit drug use. In multinomial logistic regression analyses controlling for related factors, the effect of ecstasy use remained significant. Adolescent ecstasy users may require enhanced suicide prevention and intervention efforts.     

The association between infants' self-regulatory behavior and MAOA gene polymorphism

Self-regulatory behavior in early childhood is an important characteristic that has considerable implications for the development of adaptive and maladaptive functioning. The present study investigated the relations between a functional polymorphism in the upstream region of monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) and self-regulatory behavior in a sample of Chinese infants at 6 months of age. Self-regulation was assessed by observing infants' behavior of orienting visual attention away from a threatening event in the laboratory situation. The results indicated that regulatory behavior was associated with the functional MAOA gene polymorphism in girls, but not boys. Girls with 4/4 genotypes displayed significantly higher regulation than girls with 3/3 and 3/4 genotypes. The present study provided evidence for gender differences on the role of MAOA gene polymorphism in socioemotional functioning in the early years.     

‘No fair, copycat!’: what children’s response to plagiarism tells us about their understanding of ideas

Adults believe that plagiarizing ideas is wrong, which requires an understanding that others can have ideas and that it is wrong to copy them. In order to test when this understanding emerges, we investigated when children begin to think plagiarism is wrong. In Study 1, children aged 7, 9 and 11 years old, as well as adults, disliked someone who plagiarized compared to someone who drew an original drawing or someone who drew an identical picture by chance. Study 2 investigated the same question with younger children, focusing on children aged 3–6 years old. Children aged 5–6 years old evaluated plagiarizers negatively relative to unique drawers, but 3–4-year-olds did not. Study 3 replicated the findings from Study 2 and found that children justify their negative evaluations of plagiarizers by mentioning concerns over copying. These experiments provide evidence that, by age 5 years old, children understand that others have ideas and dislike the copying of these ideas.     

A contingency model of conflict and team effectiveness

The authors develop and test theoretical extensions of the relationships of task conflict, relationship conflict, and 2 dimensions of team effectiveness (performance and team-member satisfaction) among 2 samples of work teams in Taiwan and Indonesia. Findings show that relationship conflict moderates the task conflict-team performance relationship. Specifically, the relationship is curvilinear in the shape of an inverted U when relationship conflict is low, but the relationship is linear and negative when relationship conflict is high. The results for team-member satisfaction are more equivocal, but the findings provide some evidence that relationship conflict exacerbates the negative relationship between task conflict and team-member satisfaction.     

脱域与重构:反思现代性的中国问题与哲学视域

在新全球化时代,中国的反思现代性出现了本土化的"脱域"与"重构"两大特征。所谓本土的"脱域",就是中国的现代性正处在一种"时空倒错"的格局中,原本在西方依次出场的前现代、现代与后现代,在新全球化语境中于中国共时出场或错序出场;所谓"重构",即与全球一系列后现代特征对接的中国现代化既不是经典现代性,也不是后现代,也不是西欧"新现代"或"反思的现代性"的跨界平移,而是立足中国本土的"新现代性",从而形成了具有本土风格的中国问题,需要我们以中国立场、全球视域来观察中国问题,建立中国新现代性理论。     

论卡西尔的符号形式哲学

卡西尔文化哲学的创立是对传统哲学展开的一次整体性的批判,是以文化哲学的方式解答康德的哲学问题,构建起来的一种新的哲学.这一哲学以符号功能为核心概念,把人的文化创造活动、意义的表达作为哲学的最高存在,在此基础上改造了近代理性主义哲学的思维方式和提问方式,实现了哲学从理性批判到文化批判的转向.与其他的文化哲学家相比,卡西尔文化哲学的根本特点是:理性主义+生命哲学和哲学人类学.     

指动脉背侧支皮瓣在手指末节皮肤缺损治疗中的临床应用

分析指背动脉背侧支与其血管网联合供血滋养皮瓣在指末端皮肤缺损的修复中的应用效果。取中节手指固有动脉的背侧支为蒂血管,逆行切取指背皮瓣31例共35指,移植修补位于远端指间关节或其远端的皮肤缺损。若同时伴有骨、关节、肌腱等的损伤,则予以同期修复。本研究中最大切取皮瓣1.5cm×3.5cm,平均随访6±0.5个月(3至9个月),皮瓣成活率100%,皮瓣两点辨别觉9±0.2mm,95%的患者具有良好的指间关节活动能力。因此,指动脉背侧支皮瓣手术操作简单,术后成功率高且患者恢复效果好。     

Terror management among Taiwanese: Worldview defence or resigning to fate?

Terror management theory (TMT) proposes that people who are reminded of their mortality should be motivated to defend their cultural worldview. Studies 1 and 2 examined whether the TMT worldview defence‐buffering effect found in Western cultures could be generalized to Asians in Taiwan. No such effect was found in the present studies. This non‐significant result was robust when either a stronger distraction task was used (study 1) or when a subliminal manipulation of mortality salience was utilized (study 2). A meta‐analysis, including 24 TMT experiments in East Asia, was also conducted (study 3). The average effect size (d = 0.11, r = 0.055) of worldview defence among these experiments was not significantly different from zero. Study 4 found that mortality salience manipulation also did not change Taiwanese participants' view of reincarnation; however, it did make them more inclined to resign to fate, suggesting that they might be using this symbolic means to defend their anxiety of death. The issue of the generality of TMT to Asians was discussed.